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The report examines how developing nations can adapt the 'just transition' framework—traditionally focused on developed economies—to their unique socio-economic contexts, particularly regarding high levels of informal employment. Through case studies in Indonesia, Ghana, and Colombia, it finds that awareness of just transition is low among government officials and that Covid-19 responses have generally not been linked to climate mitigation or adaptation strategies. The document argues for a multidimensional approach that places workers and marginalized communities at the center of decision-making and provides guidelines for national governments to build institutional foundations and participatory processes for a fair low-carbon transition.

The report examines the challenges and opportunities of implementing just transition (JT) frameworks in developing nations, highlighting the critical role of the informal economy and the need for context-specific definitions. Through case studies in Colombia, Ghana, and Indonesia, it finds that while some governments are beginning to incorporate JT into climate plans—most notably Colombia in its revised NDCs—awareness remains low and inter-ministerial coordination is often lacking. The document emphasizes that COVID-19 recovery packages have generally not been linked to climate mitigation or adaptation strategies. It provides guidelines for national governments to foster inclusive decision-making, build institutional capacity, and engage marginalized groups, including informal workers and traditional leaders.

The report finds that while most informal sector workers and traditional leaders in Ghana observe clear climate change signals, they are largely excluded from the development of national climate policies and have minimal knowledge of 'just transition' strategies. It highlights that COVID-19 restrictions severely impacted informal businesses, with many unable to access government stimulus packages due to lack of documentation or political patronage. The study recommends formalizing the role of Traditional Councils and worker associations in climate policy to ensure a more inclusive and sustainable transition.

The report examines the application of just transition principles in developing countries, highlighting the need for context-specific definitions and the inclusion of the informal economy. Through case studies in Indonesia, Ghana, and Colombia, it finds that while awareness of just transition varies—with Colombia being the only one to explicitly include it in its revised NDC—there is a general lack of practical application and cross-ministerial coordination. The document emphasizes that Covid-19 responses have not yet been linked to climate strategies and recommends a participatory, co-produced approach to policy development to ensure marginalized groups are not left behind.

The report finds that Just Transition is a relatively new and poorly understood concept within the Indonesian government, characterized by institutional silos and a lack of coordination between the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and the Ministry of Manpower. While Indonesia is a signatory to the Solidarity and Just Transition Silesia Declaration, the report notes that Just Transition is unlikely to be explicitly incorporated into the country's updated NDC, though it has been discussed for the 2050 Long Term Strategy for Low Carbon and Climate Resilience. Key gaps include the lack of a dedicated institution for the informal economy, which constitutes up to 60.5% of employment, and the disconnect between Covid-19 recovery responses and climate transition strategies. The Dala Institute recommends using informal knowledge-sharing webinars to engage stakeholders and suggests leveraging the Ministry of Manpower's 'Kartu Prakerja' pre-employment training program to mainstream Just Transition elements.

The report details a virtual workshop held on January 21, 2021, which brought together over 200 participants from more than 60 countries to discuss domestic climate finance tracking. Key discussions centered on integrating climate budget tagging into national planning, the role of taxonomies in mobilizing private capital, and the necessity of credible sectoral roadmaps to align financial flows with the Paris Agreement. The document highlights specific national examples, such as Indonesia's use of budget tagging for Green Sukuk issuance and South Africa's development of a green finance taxonomy.

The COP26 Resilience Hub Synthesis Report outlines five core messages for advancing global climate resilience: the necessity of Locally Led Adaptation (LLA), the urgent need for diversified and increased adaptation finance (preferring grants over loans), the bridging of knowledge and implementation gaps, the role of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) across urban, coastal, and rural settings, and the requirement to center marginalized groups—including women, youth, and Indigenous peoples—in decision-making. The report details thematic insights across ten areas, including finance, water, food, energy, and health, while emphasizing the need to scale these efforts toward COP27.

The document outlines a resilience framework—survive, adapt, and thrive—applied to support green businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the role of international collaborations, such as the International Cleantech Network and the EU Delegation, in providing financial and strategic support to green SMMEs. Key outcomes include the retention of 760 jobs and the creation of 41 new jobs through the Green Outcomes Fund, as well as the integration of South African cleantech solutions into the Solar Impulse Foundation's global portfolio.

The report outlines the South African utility-scale renewable energy landscape, focusing on the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP) and the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) 2019. It highlights a significant transition from coal-dominated generation toward wind and solar PV, with an estimated potential market value of R418 billion for these technologies and distributed generation. Key opportunities include the continuation of REIPPPP bid windows, increased local manufacturing of components, and the growth of utility-scale battery storage. However, the sector faces barriers such as Eskom's financial instability, regulatory uncertainty, and the complexities of unbundling the national utility.

The document explores how the climate crisis and energy transition are reshaping global power dynamics, particularly for the European Union. It argues that traditional geopolitics—focused on state rivalry and resource control—must be replaced by a model of 'ecological security' and 'steward statehood' rooted in human rights and social justice. Key analyses include the EU's 'open strategic autonomy,' the risks of corporate-led hydrogen projects, China's Belt and Road Initiative's energy dimensions, and the necessity of a global fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty. It emphasizes that the green transition must be a 'just transition' to avoid social backlash and that Europe should lead by example in decarbonization and multilateral cooperation.

The report analyzes how the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing disparities in health, wealth, and power, specifically highlighting 'vaccine apartheid' and the failure of multi-stakeholder governance. It critiques the reliance on private sector solutions for public crises and advocates for transformative policies, including the waiver of intellectual property rights for vaccines, progressive tax reforms, and the strengthening of universal public services to ensure a just recovery.

The statement argues that international public finance must shift from fossil fuels to clean energy to meet climate goals. It highlights that G20 members provide significantly more public finance to fossil fuels than to clean energy and calls for an immediate end to all new international public finance for fossil fuel projects across the entire value chain. The document urges governments and financial institutions to avoid loopholes, increase climate finance for the Global South, and prioritize low-income countries through debt relief and grant-based finance, specifically calling for a joint statement and leadership from the United Kingdom ahead of COP 26.

The report provides a comprehensive overview of energy transition progress in Brazil, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, and Vietnam. It highlights the role of independent think tanks in driving policy breakthroughs, such as coal phase-outs and renewable energy targets, while identifying systemic barriers including political resistance, grid limitations, and financing gaps. The document argues that while technology strategies (renewables and electrification) are converging, national implementation is shaped by distinct local political and social factors.

Zimbabwe has increased its climate ambition by raising its 2030 emission reduction target from 33% to 40% per capita compared to a business-as-usual scenario. Unlike its first NDC, which focused only on energy, the revised version is economy-wide, covering Energy, Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU), Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU), and Waste. The document emphasizes that Zimbabwe is highly vulnerable to climate change, with 70% of its population reliant on rainfed agriculture, and identifies four priority adaptation areas: climate-smart agriculture, early warning systems, resilient infrastructure, and sustainable water management. Implementation of these goals is conditional on international financial support, with mitigation costs estimated at US$4,834.47 million.

The document analyzes the economic dependence of Colombia and its producing regions on coal, highlighting the vulnerability of public finances to declining international demand and the COVID-19 pandemic. It examines the General Royalty System (SGR) and projects that despite recent legal reforms to increase direct allocations to producing regions, the downward trend in coal production will lead to significant losses in royalty revenues for departments like Cesar and La Guajira by 2030.

The document analyzes the risks associated with Colombia's dependence on thermal coal exports amidst declining global demand and proposes a transition strategy based on economic diversification and social equity. It highlights the severe poverty and environmental degradation in the Cesar and La Guajira regions, where coal mining contributes significantly to regional GDP but provides limited local employment. The brief recommends shifting from carbon-intensive industrialization to low-carbon asset diversification, implementing active labor policies, and establishing mechanisms to quantify and repair socio-environmental liabilities. It critiques current government strategies, such as 'neutral coal,' for extending the life of a declining sector rather than accelerating decarbonization.

Colombia is the world's sixth-largest coal exporter, with the sector contributing approximately 1.1% of the national GDP and providing significant royalties. However, the global market is contracting as major importers in the Atlantic and Americas markets set phase-out dates for coal-fired power. While some industry associations suggest expanding into Pacific markets like China and India, high freight costs and those countries' own goals for carbon neutrality make this difficult. The Colombian government has historically supported the sector through various tax exemptions and incentives, such as the Plan Vallejo and Tax Refund Certificates. The report argues that Colombia must urgently diversify its economy and implement a just transition to mitigate the socio-economic risks of a structural decline in coal demand.

The document examines the Colombian financial sector's integration of climate change into decision-making, highlighting that while some green finance initiatives exist, most private flows remain inconsistent with a low-carbon economy. It identifies significant risks of 'stranded assets' in Colombia's coal mining and power sectors, citing the cases of Prodeco and Cerrejón. The brief argues that financial institutions must move beyond symbolic commitments to tangible phase-out plans and provides examples of international banking policies that restrict coal financing to guide the Colombian sector toward a just transition.

The document argues that while renewable energy technology is cost-competitive, private investment is hindered by inadequate policy frameworks, community opposition, and outdated grid infrastructure. It recommends that governments establish binding long-term targets, streamline permitting through inclusive planning, and invest in grid flexibility and storage to unlock the $131 trillion needed by 2050 for a clean energy transition.

This research paper by the Public Affairs Research Institute identifies two critical gaps in South Africa's just transition discourse: an over-emphasis on energy generation at the expense of energy distribution, and a reactive focus on future transition-induced inequalities rather than existing systemic drivers of poverty.