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This guide by the World Resources Institute (WRI) provides a framework for understanding and evaluating Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs), which are public descriptions of planned climate actions from countries starting in 2020. The document outlines the characteristics of a robust INDC and provides six essential questions to assess their clarity, scientific alignment, fairness, ambition, viability, and transparency.

The 'Corporate Renewable Energy Buyers’ Principles' is a statement developed by a group of large businesses, facilitated by WWF and the World Resources Institute, to outline the market conditions and products needed to help companies meet their public climate and energy goals.

This research paper synthesizes knowledge on the impacts of biofuel expansion in Sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting the trade-offs between development goals and environmental or socioeconomic risks, and identifies policy and knowledge gaps as primary barriers to sustainability.

This background paper, published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) in January 2015, outlines the framework for public and stakeholder consultations to develop a new provincial climate change and green economy action plan for Manitoba. It reviews the province's emissions profile, previous climate efforts, and potential strategic directions for integrating mitigation and adaptation.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute outlines proposed options for the design of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction offers within the 2015 UNFCCC climate change agreement, focusing on balancing national ownership with multilateral coherence to limit global temperature rise to 2°C.

This consultation background paper, published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) in December 2014, outlines the context for developing a new provincial climate change and green economy plan for Manitoba. It specifically focuses on the role of peatlands in emissions reduction, climate resilience, and economic development, while reviewing Manitoba's previous emissions performance and comparing climate policies across other jurisdictions.

This report, part of a series on green industrial policy (GIP), examines the wind and solar sectors in India to provide research for developing cost-effective policies for green industries.

The paper argues that single-year emissions targets are fundamentally flawed compared to continuous multi-year targets because they create uncertainty regarding cumulative emissions, are more susceptible to annual variability, and are incompatible with domestic emissions trading schemes. The authors highlight that the use of tradable units can further reduce the ambition of single-year targets, potentially allowing countries to meet goals without domestic mitigation. They recommend that future international agreements mandate continuous multi-year targets to ensure comparability and align with global carbon budgets.

The 'Bioenergy technology roadmap for Colombia' (2014) provides a strategic vision and quantitative analysis for deploying sustainable biofuel and biomass technologies in Colombia through 2030. The report evaluates two primary visions: one focusing on new technologies (biomethane and biomass-based power/CHP) and another combining these with the expansion of first-generation liquid biofuels. Using an Energy System Model (ESM) and a Land Use and Trade Model (LUTM), the report quantifies impacts on energy demand, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and land requirements, concluding that power generation and CHP applications are the most effective for emission reductions.

The World Resources Institute (WRI) submitted this 2014 Investor CDP Information Request detailing its internal climate change management, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the reporting period of October 1, 2012, to September 30, 2013, and its strategies for operational sustainability.

This research paper examines the tension between the 'green growth' agenda promoted by Mexico and the 'sustainable development' concept advocated by Brazil during the 2012 G-20 summit. It analyzes how Brazil's domestic industrial and energy policies often conflict with green economy goals due to a preference for autonomous industrialization and short-term economic growth, while also assessing Brazil's diplomatic coordination with other BRICS nations on climate issues.

This document compares over 40 studies on regional GHG reduction targets based on various effort-sharing approaches. It finds that targets vary significantly by approach and region; for a 450 ppm CO2e stabilization level by 2030, OECD 1990 allowances would be roughly half of 2010 levels, while other regions like Asia and Latin America would see different relative reductions. The author notes that current literature covers only a small fraction of possible allocation approaches and calls for more in-depth modelling.

This case study describes Thailand's 'Low Carbon City' initiative, a systematic approach developed by the Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (TGO) to help local governments reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It focuses on the pilot implementation in Muangklang Municipality, detailing the nine-step process used to identify emission sources, set voluntary reduction targets, and implement mitigation measures across sectors such as waste, transport, and agriculture.

This policy brief examines how international greenhouse gas (GHG) emission offsets can be designed to provide a 'net decrease' in emissions, moving beyond the standard one-to-one credit ratio. It analyzes the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to identify project types and accounting methods—such as stringent baselines and discounting—that could generate surplus reductions and a net atmospheric benefit.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) details a screening exercise to identify Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) concepts for Bangladesh. Using a standardized 'quick screen' methodology, the authors reviewed government planning documents to identify 18 NAMA concepts across six UNFCCC sectors that align with national development goals and offer sustainable development co-benefits.

A report describing the potential for sugar cane bioenergy to enhance rural livelihoods, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and improve energy security and economic competitiveness in Southern and Eastern Africa.

This research paper by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) examines the domestic systems used to measure, report, and verify (MRV) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigation actions in China, Germany, Italy, and the United States. The study finds that while emissions tracking is well-established and consistent across these nations, the MRV of mitigation actions is fragmented, often relying on ex-ante projections rather than ex-post evaluations of actual reductions achieved.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) explores the 'triple dividend' in agriculture: the simultaneous achievement of increased food security, improved adaptive capacity to climate change, and reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It argues that an international climate agreement under the UNFCCC should integrate these three goals to support a growing global population while mitigating environmental impact.

This 2011 policy brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute evaluates transport and mobility trends in Estonia, concluding that current trends are unsustainable due to rising private car use and road freight. The document analyzes three development scenarios (BASE, TECHNO, and EFFECT) to meet EU greenhouse gas (GHG) emission limits by 2020 and provides recommendations for land use planning, financial measures, and mobility management to transition toward a more sustainable transport system.

This policy brief examines the tensions between South Africa's domestic economic priorities and its international climate diplomacy. It highlights how the country's reliance on a coal-based 'minerals-energy complex' and the need to expand energy access conflict with its desire to be seen as a 'responsible' global actor and a 'bridge builder' in climate negotiations.