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This technical guide by RMI analyzes the market, quality risks, and methodological evolution of clean and improved cookstove carbon credits. It details the transition from legacy methodologies, which faced allegations of over-crediting, to newer, more rigorous standards like VM0050 and the forthcoming CLEAR methodology. The document provides a detailed risk assessment, highlighting monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) as a high-concern area due to behavioral complexities such as stove stacking and the Hawthorne effect.

This technical guide by RMI analyzes the voluntary carbon market (VCM) for improved rice cultivation, focusing on the transition from invalidated CDM-based credits to more rigorous new methodologies. It details the primary and secondary practices used to reduce methane emissions, evaluates quality risks such as additionality and MRV, and provides guidance for stakeholders to identify high-integrity projects.

The Carbon Crediting Data Framework (CCDF), developed by RMI's Carbon Markets Initiative, is a public toolkit designed to standardize and organize carbon crediting data in the voluntary carbon market (VCM). It aims to replace static PDFs and fragmented data with a common language and structure to reduce transaction costs and improve credit quality assessment.

RMI and [C]Worthy present a strategic roadmap for the development of monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) systems in the marine Carbon Dioxide Removal (mCDR) industry. The report emphasizes that credible carbon quantification requires integrating direct in situ measurements with scientific modeling. It outlines a nine-step organizational journey—from initial strategy and hiring a quantification lead to data reporting and industry knowledge sharing—to help startups secure funding and ensure environmental accountability.

Natural Justice provides a legal and rights-based critique of South Africa's 2025 draft Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). While acknowledging progress in absolute emissions targets, the organization argues that the draft lacks the 'stringent' due diligence required by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and fails to provide concrete, costed implementation plans for adaptation and loss and damage. Natural Justice advocates for unconditional commitments to phase out fossil fuels, the integration of human rights indicators into monitoring frameworks, and the establishment of a grant-based domestic loss and damage facility funded by taxes on fossil fuel profits.

This report by Ember argues that Germany significantly underreports methane emissions from its coal mining sector due to an outdated and unverified single emission factor from 1989. The analysis suggests that actual emissions could be 28 to 220 times higher than official figures, urging an urgent update to monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) frameworks ahead of the new EU Methane Regulation.

This report by Ember analyzes the underreporting of coal mine methane (CMM) emissions in Indonesia, arguing that current official figures significantly underestimate the actual environmental impact. The document highlights gaps in the monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) systems, the exclusion of underground mines, and the use of outdated emission factors, which may undermine Indonesia's commitments under the Global Methane Pledge.

This guide by RMI examines the voluntary carbon market, detailing the six-stage lifecycle of a carbon credit and proposing three 'unlocks'—reducing development costs, differentiating supply, and increasing transparency—to address scarcity and widespread mistrust in the market.

This report provides a conceptual overview of Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) frameworks and systems, specifically as a foundational component for developing a national MRV architecture for the waste sector in Senegal. It defines the core principles of GHG accounting and the various components required to build and manage an effective MRV system to support Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) evaluates Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) practices for green bonds in China, comparing them to international standards. It identifies significant gaps in reporting quality and transparency, particularly among enterprise bonds, and provides regulatory and incentive-based recommendations to enhance market trust and effectiveness.

This report documents a regional workshop and training session held in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, from 17 to 21 February 2020. The event, organized by the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) and UNEP with support from the Government of Canada, focused on sharing experiences regarding the implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) in the waste sector and providing technical training on Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) systems for experts from Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal.

This report details a regional workshop and training session held in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, from February 17-21, 2020. Organized by the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) and UNEP with support from the Government of Canada, the event focused on implementing Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and establishing Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) systems specifically for the waste sector in Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal, while sharing these experiences with other ECOWAS member states.

The CFAS Guide, published in November 2014 by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network, provides a technical synopsis of climate finance negotiations under the UNFCCC to support stakeholders participating in the 20th Conference of the Parties (COP20) in Lima, Peru. It details the status of long-term finance goals, the operationalization of the Green Climate Fund, the financial constraints of the Adaptation Fund, and the role of the Standing Committee on Finance in improving the measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) of climate finance flows.

The CFAS Guide, published in November 2014 by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network, provides a comprehensive overview of climate finance negotiations leading up to the COP20 in Lima, Peru. It details the status of long-term finance goals, the operationalization of the Green Climate Fund, the challenges facing the Adaptation Fund, and the technical work of the Standing Committee on Finance regarding the monitoring, reporting, and verification of climate funds.

This policy brief discusses the integration of community-based participatory carbon measurement and monitoring with satellite remote sensing and GIS within Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) systems for REDD+ and agroforestry carbon sequestration activities, focusing on Lao PDR, Thailand, and Vietnam.

The research paper examines the MRV requirements of the CDM, finding them to be overly complex and stricter than those of the EU ETS, which hinders project issuance and creates avoidable barriers without adding to environmental integrity.

This briefing outlines the challenges and priorities for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) regarding Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) within the international climate regime. It focuses on three primary areas of MRV—greenhouse gas emissions, mitigation actions, and support—and discusses the implications for the 2015 climate agreement, emphasizing the need for simplified, cost-effective, and harmonized reporting requirements to avoid overburdening LDCs.

This case study provides a political-economy analysis of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) regional support programme for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). It examines the valuation of forests as global, regional, and local public goods, the challenges of forest governance in Southern Africa, and the implementation of a regional MRV (measurement, reporting, and verification) project to support carbon sequestration goals while balancing regional equity.

This executive summary from the Climate Policy Initiative provides a snapshot of climate finance in Germany for the year 2010. It analyzes the volume of investments, the primary sources of funding, and the effectiveness of policy instruments, while highlighting significant gaps in data collection and monitoring (MRV) systems.

This document is a summary of a UNDP paper that establishes a framework for defining and assessing 'climate finance readiness' in countries, focusing on the capacities required to manage both international and domestic climate funds.