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The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) describes a due diligence screening tool developed with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to help agribusinesses align investments with the Committee on World Food Security's Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems (CFS-RAI).

This research paper analyzes the proximate drivers of timber plantation expansion in south-central Chile between 1975 and 2007, finding that plantations grew from 5.5% to 42.4% of the landscape, often through the clearing of secondary native forests.

A research paper analyzing the hydroclimatic impacts of replacing natural forests, savannas, and pastures with agriculture across the La Plata River basin using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model.

This research paper examines the effectiveness of different protected area (PA) types in the Brazilian Amazon, finding that public strategies do not produce a consistent ranking of PA types by impact and that strategies vary significantly across regions and time periods in response to political and deforestation pressures.

This research paper analyzes charcoal production in the Argentine Dry Chaco using remote sensing and socio-environmental data to map kiln distribution, production systems, and the social context of producers.

This research paper chapter examines the relationship between land-use changes (LUC) and land tenure conflicts in the province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina, between 2001 and 2010, within the broader context of deforestation in the Gran Chaco region.

An investigation into the 2019 fire crisis in the Brazilian Amazon biome identifies a strong correlation between active fire anomalies and extreme levels of deforestation, particularly in the states of Acre, Amazonas, and Roraima.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative and Amazônia 2030 analyzes the integration of the Amazon region into Brazil's 'Novo PAC' (Growth Acceleration Program). It argues that the program lacks regional planning, fails to account for the heterogeneity of the Amazon, and contains contradictions between its sustainability goals and its actual infrastructure projects, particularly in logistics and energy.

This report by Climate Policy Initiative and Amazônia 2030 analyzes the regulatory framework for legal gold mining (garimpo) in the Brazilian Amazon. It argues that current laws are anachronistic, treating industrial-scale operations as artisanal, which allows them to bypass critical environmental safeguards such as prior mineral research and rigorous environmental licensing. The authors recommend federal regulatory updates to mandate prior research for cooperatives and a reversal of simplified, municipalized licensing processes in the state of Pará to better mitigate socio-environmental damages.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative and Amazônia 2030 analyzes how deforestation in the Amazon rainforest reduces rainfall and river flow, thereby decreasing electricity generation and revenue for Brazil's two largest hydroelectric plants: Itaipu and Belo Monte.

This 2025 report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) provides a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of the Brazilian Forest Code (Law No. 12.651/2012), specifically focusing on the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA) across Brazilian states. It details the transition of the National CAR System (Sicar) to a digital public infrastructure managed by Dataprev and the Ministry of Management and Innovation in Public Services (MGI), the adoption of automated analysis tools to accelerate CAR validation, and the persistent challenges in converting validated registries into effective forest restoration through the PRA.

This report assesses the role of voluntary sustainability initiatives (VSIs) in mitigating the impacts of mining on global forests. It finds that while mining affects up to one-third of forest ecosystems—with direct deforestation concentrated in tropical rainforests—current VSIs often lack the specificity, governance representation, and lifecycle coverage (missing the design phase) necessary to be effective. The report highlights a growing threat from the energy transition's mineral demand and argues that VSIs alone are insufficient without supportive public policies and more robust, biome-specific standards.

This briefing paper by Trend Asia discusses the impact of climate disasters in Indonesia and criticizes the government's energy planning documents—the National Electricity General Plan (RUKN) 2025-2060 and the Electricity Supply Business Plan (RUPTL) 2025-2034—for continuing reliance on fossil fuels and 'false solutions' like biomass co-firing. It details legal challenges filed by a coalition of civil society organizations and affected citizens against these plans in the Jakarta Administrative Court (PTUN Jakarta).

Friends of the Earth U.S. analyzes the Biden-Harris administration's 6-point policy framework aimed at reducing U.S. imports of products linked to deforestation. While commending the framework's direction, the organization advocates for a holistic approach to illegal deforestation, the establishment of a public due diligence system independent of third-party certifications, and the passage of the federal FOREST Act.

Trase provides recommendations for stakeholders to utilize the one-year postponement of the European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) implementation, which is now set for 30 December 2025. The organization emphasizes the need for the European Commission to prioritize the delivery of benchmarking and IT systems, for member states to resource competent authorities, and for companies and producer countries to collaborate on inclusive traceability systems to avoid excluding smallholders.

This research paper by the Climate Policy Initiative and PUC-RIO analyzes the link between subsidized rural credit and deforestation in Brazil from 2020 to 2024. The study finds that a significant portion of public funds is channeled to properties with histories of deforestation, highlighting a misalignment between financial incentives and Brazil's environmental goals.

Friends of the Earth urges Governor Kathy Hochul to sign the Tropical Rainforest Economic & Environmental Sustainability (TREES) Act, which would make New York the first U.S. state to require proof that state-purchased products are not driving deforestation.

This 2024 report by the Climate Policy Initiative and PUC-RIO monitors the implementation of Brazil's Forest Code (Law No. 12,651/2012), specifically focusing on the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Environmental Compliance Program (PRA). It details the progress of various Brazilian states in registering rural properties, analyzing those registrations, and formalizing environmental recovery through Terms of Commitment (ToC).

This policy brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the drivers of deforestation in Colombia and the coherence of the policies designed to combat it. Using a framework based on ideas, institutions, and interests, the authors analyze how conflicting economic goals, institutional weaknesses, and the influence of powerful mining and agricultural interests hinder environmental progress. The brief highlights a significant gap between national conservation goals and the rights of local peasant communities, specifically citing the negative impacts of military-led enforcement strategies.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes the relationship between subsidized rural credit and deforestation in Brazil between 2020 and 2024. It finds that a significant portion of public funds is directed toward properties with a history of deforestation, highlighting a gap between the sustainability policies of financial institutions and their actual lending portfolios.