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This research paper introduces the Participatory Social Return on Investment (PSROI) framework, a bottom-up approach designed to cost and plan community-based adaptation (CBA) strategies in agriculture to ensure local needs align with institutional funding.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute outlines five key lessons for the Green Climate Fund (GCF) based on the six-year operational experience of the Climate Investment Funds (CIFs), which are described as a "living laboratory" for climate finance.

This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) clarifies the terminology and definitions used to track climate finance. It distinguishes between project-level costs and revenues and whole-economy perspectives, explaining how public interventions can address 'viability gaps' to mobilize private investment. The document specifically outlines the definition of climate finance used in CPI's Global Landscape of Climate Finance reports to ensure consistent tracking and avoid double counting.

This executive summary describes a study by the Fiscal Policy Agency of the Indonesian Ministry of Finance and the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) mapping public climate finance in Indonesia for the year 2011. It identifies the primary sources, mechanisms, and sectoral allocations of public funding, highlighting a strong focus on supporting activities and a reliance on central government spending over regional distribution.

This document consists of the annexes to a July 2014 report by the Indonesian Ministry of Finance and the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI). It provides detailed data on the use of public climate finance in Indonesia for 2011, including budget expenditure tables, definitions of climate finance by sector, a comparison of budget line markings, a list of relevant laws and regulations, and a review of climate-related activities by state-owned enterprises (SOEs).

This briefing by the World Resources Institute provides five sets of recommendations ('do's and don'ts') for the Board of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) as they finalize the Fund's operational design in Songdo, Korea. The document emphasizes that the GCF's operationalization is a critical step toward unlocking climate finance progress for the global climate agreement planned for COP 21 in 2015.

This research paper, published by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) in April 2014, examines strategies for implementing climate compatible development at the subnational level (cities, districts, and provinces) across Africa, Asia, and Latin America. It identifies specific challenges, such as scientific uncertainty and limited resources, and highlights opportunities for local innovation and the use of indigenous knowledge. The paper provides a framework of effective strategies, including the use of knowledge partnerships and participatory processes, and discusses the necessity of scaling these local successes up to national levels and out to other jurisdictions to achieve global transformational change.

This report identifies policy and regulatory barriers that hinder the Kenyan private sector from implementing the National Climate Change Action Plan 2013-2017 (NCCAP). It analyzes 33 specific barriers across multiple sectors and proposes priority areas for advocacy and regulatory reform to enable climate-compatible development.

This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) examines design options for the Private Sector Facility (PSF) of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) to better mobilize private capital for climate mitigation and adaptation. It argues that addressing both policy and financing risks through innovative instruments is essential to closing the green financing gap.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative evaluates federal policies to support India's goal of doubling renewable energy capacity to 55,000 MW by 2017. It compares existing subsidies—such as generation based incentives and viability gap funding—against proposed debt-related policies, concluding that low-cost, long-term debt is the most cost-effective long-term strategy, though it faces shortS short-term budgetary constraints due to high initial capital outlay.

This 2014 submission from a coalition of civil society organizations provides critical feedback to the Green Climate Fund (GCF) on its proposed accreditation system, fiduciary standards, and environmental, social, and gender safeguards. The authors argue that the current framework relies too heavily on the IFC Performance Standards, which they claim do not represent international best practice, and that safeguards lack the detail and mandatory rigor applied to fiduciary standards. The submission advocates for a "do no harm" approach, the adoption of an exclusion list for high-risk activities, and a differentiated accreditation process based on the risk level of proposed projects.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute outlines six essential functions that the international climate agreement to be finalized in 2015 must perform to effectively transition the world toward a low-carbon, climate-resilient future.

This research paper analyzes project proposals approved by the UNFCCC Adaptation Fund Board as of December 2012 to evaluate how vulnerability is depicted and who benefits from the allocated funds, with the aim of informing normative principles of equity and efficiency in fund allocation.

WRI urges the Green Climate Fund to adopt a holistic and flexible approach to 'readiness' support. While acknowledging the GCF's initial $30 million focus on helping countries access the fund, WRI argues that long-term transformation requires addressing broader systemic barriers, such as policy development and financial capacity, and utilizing a diverse range of national and international institutions for implementation.

This report identifies potential climate financing sources for the private sector in Kenya, specifically to assist the Kenya Private Sector Alliance (KEPSA). It notes a prevalence of funding for greenhouse gas emission reduction technologies and a lack of funding for climate risk assessment and adaptation.

This briefing, published by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network in 2014, distils the findings of the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report specifically for Small Island Developing States (SIDS). It outlines the observed and projected impacts of climate change on SIDS, including sea level rise, temperature increases, and the degradation of critical ecosystems like coral reefs. The document discusses the high economic costs of adaptation relative to SIDS' GDP, the risks of 'maladaptation', and the necessity of international cooperation and finance to avert existential threats to atoll nations.

This briefing outlines the challenges and priorities for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) regarding Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) within the international climate regime. It focuses on three primary areas of MRV—greenhouse gas emissions, mitigation actions, and support—and discusses the implications for the 2015 climate agreement, emphasizing the need for simplified, cost-effective, and harmonized reporting requirements to avoid overburdening LDCs.

This briefing describes the transition for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) from National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs), which address short-term urgent needs, to National Adaptation Plans (NAPs), which focus on medium- and long-term adaptation. It outlines the objectives of the NAP process, the use of 'no-regret' strategies, the integration of climate planning into national development, and the financial and monitoring challenges facing LDCs.

This briefing by the Stockholm Environment Institute discusses the use of a systematic equity review to assess intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) for climate mitigation. Using the Climate Equity Reference Calculator, the authors demonstrate how different 'equity settings' regarding capacity and responsibility can define a country's 'fair share' of global mitigation, often revealing a gap between a nation's fair share and its domestic mitigation potential.

This research synthesis brief from the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) outlines the organization's work on climate change adaptation and vulnerability. It emphasizes that vulnerability is primarily driven by socioeconomic and political conditions rather than climate exposure alone, and argues that adaptation and development are inextricably linked. The document details SEI's technical support, capacity-building initiatives like weADAPT, and regional projects across Asia and the Nordic countries, while highlighting the inherent limits of adaptation.