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This report by the Global Climate and Health Alliance evaluates the integration of health objectives within the third generation of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs 3.0) submitted by several countries. The analysis finds that while many nations recognize the health benefits of climate mitigation, most NDCs lack measurable health targets, dedicated funding for health adaptation, and alignment with 1.5°C pathways necessary to protect human health.

This executive summary by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the role of natural infrastructure in addressing Canada's water infrastructure gap. It assesses six federal funding programs against 14 enabling criteria, finding that while most allow natural infrastructure, actual funding remains disproportionately low. The document provides recommendations to integrate natural infrastructure into federal frameworks, increase funding for proactive adaptation, and build local government capacity.

This concept note proposes the creation of a first-of-its-kind national database in Mozambique to document and protect traditional knowledge (TK) related to biodiversity. The initiative aims to prevent the loss or misappropriation of cultural and scientific resources by establishing a secure, community-governed digital repository that bridges the gap between traditional knowledge systems and modern scientific research.

This research paper examines how 'imaginaries'—collective visions of desirable futures—influence governance regimes and their approaches to climate adaptation, arguing that these visions often reproduce existing power relations and business-as-usual strategies.

This research paper examines the intersection of climate change and globalization in the U.S.-Mexico border region, focusing on water scarcity and the potential for binational social learning to increase resilience.

This research paper examines the intersection of electricity supply, groundwater irrigation, and CO2 emissions, focusing on the 'perfect storm' of climate, water, and energy challenges in Mexico.

This research paper examines the relationship between electricity supply, pricing, and groundwater pumping for irrigation, focusing on the case of Mexico as a critical intersection of climate, water, and energy challenges.

This research paper analyzes how non-climate-specific societal developments in northeast Brazil—including poverty alleviation programs, income diversification in clothing production, and the adoption of efficient irrigation technology—have inadvertently facilitated climate adaptation and reduced drought vulnerability for farmers in Pernambuco during the 2011–2013 drought.

This research paper describes the collaborative dynamics of two projects aimed at providing climate services and drought monitoring in southern South America, specifically focusing on the southwest of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

This report provides an economic valuation of the new phase of the "Freetown the Treetown" initiative in Freetown, Sierra Leone, which uses nature-based infrastructure (NBI) to combat deforestation and climate change. The assessment evaluates two planting scenarios to determine the societal and financial returns of reforestation efforts aimed at reducing natural hazards and carbon emissions.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes financial flows to India's sustainable agriculture sector for FY 2020-21 and FY 2021-22. It employs a value-chain approach to map public and private funding across upstream, farming, and downstream activities, highlighting a heavy reliance on domestic commercial bank debt and government budgets, while noting a significant gap in international finance and diversified investment instruments.

This guide by the Global Climate and Health Alliance provides a framework for the climate and health community to help governments integrate health considerations into their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), specifically for the 'NDCs 3.0' due in 2025. It outlines seven criteria for health-inclusive NDCs, practical steps for government implementation, and strategies for civil society to advocate for health-centric climate policies.

The report proposes a two-pillar financial safety net for Africa to enhance macroeconomic stability and resilience against external shocks, including climate events. This architecture consists of the African Financial Stability Mechanism (AFSM), a liquidity facility for emergency funding, and the African Stability and Growth Pact (ASGP), a flexible budgetary governance framework. Together, they aim to reduce dependence on external donors and the IMF by providing a rule-based, African-led system for crisis response and fiscal discipline.

The report "Resilience Science Must-Knows" provides a science-based framework for decision-makers to build systemic resilience. It distills decades of research into nine core principles, emphasizing that resilience is not merely "bouncing back" but the capacity to cope, adapt, and transform. The document highlights the urgency of this approach as the Earth enters the Anthropocene, where human activity pushes planetary boundaries and creates cascading risks across interconnected global systems.

The 'EU Action on Policy Coherence for Adaptation and Resilience' is a EUR 2 million initiative running from October 2025 to September 2028. Led by a consortium including the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD), the Berghof Foundation (BF), and the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), the project aims to align peace and climate adaptation policies in regions and countries affected by both climate change and conflict.

This research paper by Jakkie Cilliers, commissioned by the Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy (wrr), examines the potential for Africa to achieve a demographic dividend. It analyzes the stages of demographic transition, the role of urbanization, and the specific conditions—such as health, education, and governance—required to convert a youthful population structure into economic growth. The paper models an ambitious 'Demographics and Health' scenario to demonstrate how accelerated improvements in fertility and mortality could enhance Africa's development trajectory and its relationship with Europe.

Natural Justice provides a legal and rights-based critique of South Africa's 2025 draft Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). While acknowledging progress in absolute emissions targets, the organization argues that the draft lacks the 'stringent' due diligence required by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and fails to provide concrete, costed implementation plans for adaptation and loss and damage. Natural Justice advocates for unconditional commitments to phase out fossil fuels, the integration of human rights indicators into monitoring frameworks, and the establishment of a grant-based domestic loss and damage facility funded by taxes on fossil fuel profits.

The Republic of Kazakhstan's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) outlines a comprehensive climate strategy for 2026–2035, aligning with its long-term goal of carbon neutrality by 2060. The document sets economy-wide emission reduction targets, details sectoral mitigation and adaptation measures, and establishes a framework for loss and damage and climate finance mobilization.

This briefing paper by Trend Asia discusses the impact of climate disasters in Indonesia and criticizes the government's energy planning documents—the National Electricity General Plan (RUKN) 2025-2060 and the Electricity Supply Business Plan (RUPTL) 2025-2034—for continuing reliance on fossil fuels and 'false solutions' like biomass co-firing. It details legal challenges filed by a coalition of civil society organizations and affected citizens against these plans in the Jakarta Administrative Court (PTUN Jakarta).

This WRI research paper analyzes the vertical integration of climate adaptation in Indonesia, Brazil, and India. It identifies fragmented governance, capacity gaps, and financing shortages as primary barriers to coordinating national and sub-national efforts. The study recommends improving cross-sectoral accountability, enhancing official capacity, harmonizing risk data, and ensuring traceable financial flows to enable more effective, locally led climate resilience.