Vertical Integration: Bridging National and Local Climate Adaptation in Indonesia, Brazil and India

The study examines vertical integration—the coordination between national and sub-national governments—in Indonesia, Brazil, and India. It identifies common barriers such as fragmented governance, capacity gaps, and financing shortages at the local level. The paper recommends improving cross-sectoral governance, enhancing official capacity for planning and evaluation, harmonizing risk assessment data, and ensuring traceable financial mechanisms to bridge the gap between national commitments and local resilience outcomes.

• Indonesia, Brazil, and India share three primary barriers to vertical climate adaptation: fragmented governance characterized by weak institutional coordination, capacity gaps regarding the understanding of climate adaptation among officials at different government levels, and financing gaps caused by limited resources and accountability issues at the sub-national level.
• Vertical integration is defined as the alignment and coordination of national and sub-national governments across planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to ensure adaptation priorities reflect local conditions and national objectives.
• The study proposes four recommendations for emerging-market countries: improving governance and accountability across sectors, enhancing the capacity of officials to plan and evaluate programs, harmonizing risk assessment data to attract investment, and creating traceable financial mechanisms for national and international funds.
• Current global momentum, including UNFCCC adaptation indicators and the Coalition for High Ambition Multilevel Partnerships for Climate Action, provides an opportunity to establish guidelines for decentralized coordination and locally led adaptation.

APA

World Resources Institute (2025). Vertical Integration: Bridging National and Local Climate Adaptation in Indonesia, Brazil and India. https://www.wri.org/research/vertical-integration-bridging-national-local-climate-adaptation-indonesia-brazil-india

Chicago

World Resources Institute. Vertical Integration: Bridging National and Local Climate Adaptation in Indonesia, Brazil and India. 2025. https://www.wri.org/research/vertical-integration-bridging-national-local-climate-adaptation-indonesia-brazil-india.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=World Resources Institute |title=Vertical Integration: Bridging National and Local Climate Adaptation in Indonesia, Brazil and India |date=2025 |url=https://www.wri.org/research/vertical-integration-bridging-national-local-climate-adaptation-indonesia-brazil-india |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{worldresourcesinstitute2025vertical, author = {{World Resources Institute}}, title = {{Vertical Integration: Bridging National and Local Climate Adaptation in Indonesia, Brazil and India}}, institution = {World Resources Institute}, year = {2025}, url = {https://www.wri.org/research/vertical-integration-bridging-national-local-climate-adaptation-indonesia-brazil-india}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }