global-climate-and-health-alliance-healthy-ndcs-3.0-05778a33373f8409.pdf

This report by the Global Climate and Health Alliance evaluates the integration of health objectives within the third generation of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs 3.0) submitted by several countries. The analysis finds that while many nations recognize the health benefits of climate mitigation, most NDCs lack measurable health targets, dedicated funding for health adaptation, and alignment with 1.5°C pathways necessary to protect human health.

• The report identifies a systemic failure across reviewed NDCs to establish measurable health goals, with most documents lacking specific metrics for reducing climate-linked health burdens.
• Financial commitments for health-specific climate actions are generally absent or insufficiently detailed, hindering the implementation of health adaptation and resilience measures.
• The United Kingdom's NDC is noted for its high ambition, committing to emissions reductions of at least 81% by 2035 compared to 1990 levels, and it explicitly includes a section on health and air pollution.
• Brazil's 2035 NDC targets a 59% to 67% emissions reduction from 2005 levels, but it is criticized for lacking alignment with 1.5°C pathways and for a lack of participatory input from Indigenous communities and marginalized groups.
• The United Arab Emirates' NDC 3.0 targets a 47% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2035 relative to 2019 levels, but the report describes it as a "greenwashing exercise" due to heavy reliance on offsets and continued fossil fuel expansion.
• Uruguay's NDC is highlighted for its mature governance and energy transition, with over 94% of electricity generated from renewable sources between 2017-2023, though it lacks explicit health-specific metrics.
• Panama's 2030 NDC shows significant progress by introducing a dedicated public health section and estimating the implementation cost for the health sector at approximately 40 million USD.
• New Zealand's NDC is described as "shockingly unambitious," aiming for a 51-55% reduction by 2035, and it completely omits references to health considerations or the health impacts of climate change.
• The United States' NDC commits to a 61-66% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions below 2005 levels by 2035, but it lacks a dedicated health sector strategy and specific health metrics.
• Botswana's NDC prioritizes adaptation, with 11% of prioritized measures addressing direct health impacts, and it provides a detailed total implementation cost of 6.2 billion USD.
• Switzerland's NDC aims for a 65% emissions reduction by 2035 compared to 1990 levels, but it is criticized for an unquantified reliance on international carbon trading and a lack of health-related climate actions.

APA

Global Climate and Health Alliance (2025). global-climate-and-health-alliance-healthy-ndcs-3.0-05778a33373f8409.pdf. https://climateandhealthalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Global-Climate-and-Health-Alliance-Healthy-NDCs-3.0.pdf

Chicago

Global Climate and Health Alliance. global-climate-and-health-alliance-healthy-ndcs-3.0-05778a33373f8409.pdf. 2025. https://climateandhealthalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Global-Climate-and-Health-Alliance-Healthy-NDCs-3.0.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Global Climate and Health Alliance |title=global-climate-and-health-alliance-healthy-ndcs-3.0-05778a33373f8409.pdf |date=February 2025 |url=https://climateandhealthalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Global-Climate-and-Health-Alliance-Healthy-NDCs-3.0.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{globalclimateandhealthalliance2025globalclimateandhealthalliancehealthyndcs3005778a33373f8409pdf, author = {{Global Climate and Health Alliance}}, title = {{global-climate-and-health-alliance-healthy-ndcs-3.0-05778a33373f8409.pdf}}, institution = {Global Climate and Health Alliance}, year = {2025}, month = feb, url = {https://climateandhealthalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Global-Climate-and-Health-Alliance-Healthy-NDCs-3.0.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }