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The Forest Declaration Assessment submitted a formal response to the COP30 Presidency's call for inputs on the Roadmap for halting and reversing deforestation and forest degradation by 2030. The submission identifies systemic barriers and proposes high-impact, actionable measures across four clusters: ambition and planning, rights and governance, trade and real-economy incentives, and finance and financial systems.

This report evaluates the implementation of the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM-KUSUM) scheme in India, specifically focusing on Component A (decentralized solar plants) and Component C-FLS (feeder-level solarization). While the scheme aims to add 35 GW of solar capacity by March 2026 to improve irrigation and farmer income, it has faced low uptake, achieving only 7% of targets for Component A and 34% for Component C-FLS as of December 31, 2025. The report identifies critical barriers including poor institutional coordination, grid instability, land acquisition challenges, and tariff mismatches, while providing actionable recommendations for the design of future solar irrigation programs.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development analyzes the implications of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) advisory opinion on climate change, asserting that states now have a legal obligation to phase out environmentally harmful subsidies, particularly those for fossil fuels.

This report, produced by an international expert group convened by the Forum on Trade, Environment, & the SDGs (TESS), aims to establish a shared understanding of environmentally harmful agricultural subsidies to inform international policy discussions and promote cooperative action.

This briefing note by the Forum on Trade, Environment, & the SDGs (TESS) examines the role of agricultural subsidies in driving greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It analyzes the sources of emissions within the agricultural sector, the regional variations in emission intensities, and provides policy recommendations for reforming subsidies to align with climate goals while balancing food security and livelihoods.

This report by the Forum on Trade, Environment, & the SDGs (TESS) examines the environmental impacts of agricultural subsidies and proposes frameworks for identifying and reforming those that are environmentally harmful. It emphasizes the need for international cooperation to avoid market leakage and competitiveness losses while aligning agricultural support with global biodiversity and climate goals.

The '2030 Global Forest Vision' report outlines eight priority actions for governments to implement in 2025 to meet the goal of halting and reversing deforestation and forest degradation by 2030. The framework emphasizes integrating forest goals into national climate and biodiversity plans, scaling up finance through mechanisms like the Tropical Forest Finance Facility (TFFF), securing land rights for Indigenous and local communities, and reforming harmful agricultural subsidies.

The 'Transforming forest finance' special report by the Forest Declaration Assessment outlines five priority actions to align the global financial system with forest and sustainable development goals by 2030. It argues that simply increasing funds is insufficient; systemic transformations are required to address the socio-economic and political drivers of deforestation, including the reform of multilateral finance, sovereign debt, harmful subsidies, and financial regulatory frameworks.

This guide, published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and Porticus, provides a strategic framework for philanthropic organizations to advance the reform of environmentally harmful subsidies (EHS). It argues that redirecting a portion of the USD 2 trillion annually spent on EHS could significantly fund biodiversity and climate goals. The document outlines a theory of change based on defining problems, identifying solutions, and creating political support to open 'policy windows' for reform.

This research paper examines the overexploitation of aquifers in Mexico, specifically focusing on the municipality of Hermosillo, Sonora, where agricultural water consumption exceeds aquifer recharge and is driven by subsidies.

This research paper by Jane Nalunga and Jonathan Lubega analyzes agricultural subsidies in Uganda, examining their impact on the economy, livelihoods, and the environment. While initiatives like NAADS and insurance subsidies have increased production and protected some farmers, the authors argue that subsidies are often poorly managed, underfunded, and biased toward large-scale operators, while contributing to environmental degradation through the promotion of agrochemicals and monoculture.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-RIO) examines the link between subsidized rural credit and deforestation in Brazil between 2020 and 2022. The analysis reveals that a small number of large properties receive a disproportionate share of subsidized funds while being responsible for significant deforestation, suggesting that current economic incentives are misaligned with Brazil's environmental and climate goals.

This research paper by Facundo Calvo analyzes the agriculture negotiations for the WTO's 13th Ministerial Conference (MC13), arguing that success depends on moving beyond non-binding declarations toward binding commitments. The author focuses on the potential for an exemption from export restrictions for least developed countries (LDCs) and the deep divisions among WTO members regarding domestic support and public stockholding.

This research paper examines the critical need to phase out or repurpose agricultural subsidies that harm biodiversity, as mandated by Target 18 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). It highlights the paradox where food systems rely on biodiversity but are the primary drivers of its loss, and provides case studies from the United Kingdom, India, and Brazil to illustrate how public funding can be redirected toward sustainable land management and climate resilience.

The Forest Declaration Assessment report examines the alignment of global public and private finance with international forest goals, highlighting the significant funding gap for restoration and the prevalence of harmful agricultural subsidies.

This document consists of annexes to the 2023 Forest Declaration Assessment, detailing sustainability schemes in the mining sector, sources and estimates of forest-related finance, and the implementation of green budgeting and risk assessment tools in the public sector.

This document consists of three annexes to the 2023 Forest Declaration Assessment. It details sustainability schemes in the mining sector, provides estimates for green and 'gray' forest finance, and discusses the implementation of green budgeting and risk assessment tools in the public sector.

A report based on a survey of 1,600 farmers in Haryana, India, analyzing the distribution of agricultural electricity subsidies and recommending the use of the PM-KUSUM solar irrigation scheme and slab-based tariffs to better target support toward marginal and low-income farmers.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics examines the environmental and climate impacts of the global livestock sector, arguing that a shift toward plant-based diets and alternative proteins is essential to meeting climate targets. It details the growth of meat production, the role of government subsidies in supporting industrial agriculture, and the emerging market for alternative proteins, while highlighting the need for systemic policy changes and a reduction in meat consumption, particularly in high-income regions.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics examines agroecology as a science-based alternative to the industrial food system, which it describes as unsustainable and a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. The document details the environmental, social, and economic benefits of agroecological practices, while identifying systemic barriers—such as skewed government subsidies and limited research funding—that hinder its global scaling.