2023 FOREST DECLARATION ASSESSMENT

The document outlines sustainability standards for the mining and processing sectors, such as the ICMM Mining Principles and IRMA Standard, which emphasize biodiversity conservation and the mitigation hierarchy. It provides financial estimates for forest protection, noting a global need of USD 45–460 billion annually to meet Paris Agreement goals, while contrasting this with 'gray finance'—including agricultural subsidies estimated between USD 378 billion and USD 635 billion per year—that may risk deforestation. Additionally, it identifies the emergence of green taxonomies in the EU and Colombia and risk assessment frameworks in countries like Brazil and Malaysia to align financial flows with nature preservation.

• Various sustainability schemes for the mining sector incorporate biodiversity protections, often utilizing the 'mitigation hierarchy' to achieve 'no net loss' of biodiversity. Examples include the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) Mining Principles, the Mining Association of Canada's (MAC) Toward Sustainable Mining, and the ResponsibleSteel International Standard V2.0.
• The financial requirements to protect, restore, and enhance forests globally to meet Paris Agreement goals are estimated to be between USD 45 billion and USD 460 billion annually, though this is an indicative range based on multiple sources.
• Significant 'gray finance' exists in the form of agricultural subsidies that may encourage deforestation; annual global government support to agricultural producers is estimated between USD 378 billion and USD 635 billion.
• Private financial flows to forest-risk commodity supply chains (beef, soy, palm oil, pulp and paper, rubber, and tropical timber) totaled USD 343 billion cumulatively from 2010 to 2022, while private grey finance to 23 mining companies in the three largest tropical forest regions totaled USD 99 billion from 2016 to 2022.
• Public sector efforts to manage environmental risks include the implementation of green taxonomies in the EU and Colombia in 2022, as well as the development of risk assessment frameworks in the Netherlands, France, Brazil, Malaysia, and Chile.

APA

Forest Declaration Assessment (2023). 2023 FOREST DECLARATION ASSESSMENT. https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/2023Annexes2and3-1.pdf

Chicago

Forest Declaration Assessment. 2023 FOREST DECLARATION ASSESSMENT. 2023. https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/2023Annexes2and3-1.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Forest Declaration Assessment |title=2023 FOREST DECLARATION ASSESSMENT |date=2023 |url=https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/2023Annexes2and3-1.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{forestdeclarationassessment20232023, author = {{Forest Declaration Assessment}}, title = {{2023 FOREST DECLARATION ASSESSMENT}}, institution = {Forest Declaration Assessment}, year = {2023}, url = {https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/2023Annexes2and3-1.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }