Forest Finance (Theme 3) - Forest Declaration Assessment

The Forest Declaration Assessment identifies a significant funding gap for global forest goals, estimating a need for up to USD 460 billion annually for protection and restoration. Simultaneously, it highlights a conflict in public spending, where agricultural subsidies—termed "gray" finance—amount to between USD 378 and USD 635 billion per year in activities potentially harmful to forests.

• The Forest Declaration Assessment Partners estimate that protecting and restoring forests globally, including reducing deforestation and implementing sustainable forest management, requires up to USD 460 billion in annual investment.
• There is a substantial amount of "gray" finance—public funding for activities potentially harmful to forests—primarily in the form of government agricultural subsidies, estimated between USD 378 and USD 635 billion annually.

APA

Matson, E. (2023). Forest Finance (Theme 3) - Forest Declaration Assessment. Forest Declaration Assessment. https://forestdeclaration.org/forest-finance-theme-3/

Chicago

Matson, Erin. Forest Finance (Theme 3) - Forest Declaration Assessment. Forest Declaration Assessment, 2023. https://forestdeclaration.org/forest-finance-theme-3/.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Matson |first1=Erin |title=Forest Finance (Theme 3) - Forest Declaration Assessment |publisher=Forest Declaration Assessment |date=19 April 2023 |url=https://forestdeclaration.org/forest-finance-theme-3/ |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{matson2023forest, author = {Matson, Erin}, title = {{Forest Finance (Theme 3) - Forest Declaration Assessment}}, institution = {Forest Declaration Assessment}, year = {2023}, month = apr, url = {https://forestdeclaration.org/forest-finance-theme-3/}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }