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This research paper by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) provides lessons learned from supporting nine developing countries in the preparation of their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) for the UNFCCC. It emphasizes that INDCs should be treated as political statements of ambition rather than purely technical exercises, highlighting the need for inclusive consultation, alignment with national development goals, and clear implementation plans to attract international support.

This report examines how the outcome of the 2015 climate agreement negotiated at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP) in Paris will affect the achievement of the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030, comparing high-ambition and low-ambition scenarios.

This guide, published by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) in May 2015, provides practical templates and guidance for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS) to prepare their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

This guide, published by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) in May 2015, provides practical instructions and a structural model for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS) to prepare their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

This forum article proposes a research agenda to examine the relationships between the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and other global climate governance arrangements, identifying two specific types of linkages: division-of-labor and catalytic.

This briefing paper by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) and CARE International argues that climate change is a critical human rights challenge. It examines how climate impacts and the responses to them threaten fundamental rights and provides a set of policy recommendations to integrate a human rights-based approach into the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process.

This briefing, prepared by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) and CARE International, argues that climate change is the greatest human rights challenge of the current era. It calls for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to integrate human rights protections into its policies, particularly as the international community negotiated the 2015 climate agreement. The document outlines how climate impacts threaten fundamental rights and provides specific policy recommendations to ensure that climate mitigation and adaptation efforts do not further violate human rights.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute evaluates UNFCCC practices and proposes a set of architectural options to enhance the effectiveness of the post-2020 international climate agreement.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute outlines proposed options for the design of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction offers within the 2015 UNFCCC climate change agreement, focusing on balancing national ownership with multilateral coherence to limit global temperature rise to 2°C.

This guide, produced by the CDKN-supported Climate Finance Advisory Service, provides an overview of the first Biennial Assessment (BA) of Climate Finance Flows and the recommendations made by the UNFCCC's Standing Committee on Finance (SCF) to the Conference of the Parties (COP).

This briefing paper examines potential frameworks for the ex ante assessment of intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) prior to the December 2015 Paris Climate Change Conference, focusing on the decisions required at COP 20 in Lima.

The CFAS Guide, published in November 2014 by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network, provides a technical synopsis of climate finance negotiations under the UNFCCC to support stakeholders participating in the 20th Conference of the Parties (COP20) in Lima, Peru. It details the status of long-term finance goals, the operationalization of the Green Climate Fund, the financial constraints of the Adaptation Fund, and the role of the Standing Committee on Finance in improving the measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) of climate finance flows.

This report by Friends of the Earth International, Corporate Europe Observatory, and the Transnational Institute examines how the British-South African mining company Anglo American uses its influence to promote 'dirty energies' and 'false solutions' to the climate crisis. It focuses on the environmental and social impacts of the El Cerrejón coal mine in Colombia and the company's lobbying efforts within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

This research paper assesses the risks and mechanisms of double counting emission reductions within the UNFCCC framework. It identifies four primary types of double counting—double issuance, double claiming, double use, and double purpose—and evaluates current rules under the Kyoto Protocol and various voluntary schemes. The authors propose a comprehensive framework for a post-2020 climate regime, recommending a 'net flows' accounting approach, specific mechanism design principles to prevent double issuance, and the use of globally unique serial numbers for unit tracking.

This research paper evaluates the early operations of the Adaptation Fund, focusing on the disbursement of limited resources and the tension between equity and efficiency in its allocation processes.

This briefing, produced by the European Capacity Building Initiative (ecbi) for the Least Developed Countries (LDC) Group, analyzes strategies for the LDC Group to increase global ambition for climate mitigation within the negotiations for a new climate agreement intended to enter into force in 2020.

This briefing outlines the challenges and priorities for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) regarding Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) within the international climate regime. It focuses on three primary areas of MRV—greenhouse gas emissions, mitigation actions, and support—and discusses the implications for the 2015 climate agreement, emphasizing the need for simplified, cost-effective, and harmonized reporting requirements to avoid overburdening LDCs.

This fact sheet explores the relationship between national climate change legislation and a country's position and ambition within international climate negotiations, specifically within the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

The CAIT Equity Explorer is an online visualization tool designed to inform UNFCCC climate negotiations by allowing users to compare countries across various climate equity indicators, such as emissions and vulnerability, using radar and column charts.

This guide, published by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) in November 2013, provides a synopsis of key climate finance discussions and deliverables for negotiators attending the 19th Conference of Parties (COP19) in Warsaw. It outlines the progress of the Work Programme on Long-Term Finance, the activities of the Standing Committee on Finance, the operationalization of the Green Climate Fund, and the financial challenges facing the Adaptation Fund.