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ClientEarth argues that the EU suffers from a persisting democratic deficit that hinders the implementation of the European Green Deal. The organization recommends four primary reforms: increasing transparency in decision-making (particularly in comitology and the EIB), granting the public direct access to the Court of Justice of the EU, ensuring EU accession to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) to close human rights gaps in climate and environmental governance, and expanding the ordinary legislative procedure to all environmental matters to remove Member State vetoes on critical issues like fuel taxation.

The report argues that South African agriculture faces urgent climate risks, including temperature rises of 2 to 4 °C by 2050, but suffers from a significant climate finance gap. It highlights opportunities in AgTech, regenerative agriculture, and renewable energy, while recommending the use of innovative instruments like blended finance and sustainability-linked loans to overcome barriers such as high transaction costs and a lack of bankable project pipelines.

Central Africa has experienced warming between 0.75°C and 1.2°C since 1960, leading to widespread losses in health, food security, and economic growth. Future risks include lethal heat exposure, severe biodiversity loss above 2°C, and significant GDP reductions. Adaptation requires increased finance, nature-based solutions, and improved climate services, though the region faces severe data constraints and funding gaps.

The document details the disproportionate impact of climate change on Central Africa, highlighting significant temperature increases, biodiversity loss, and economic decline. It emphasizes the critical need for transformative adaptation and increased climate finance to mitigate future risks to health, food security, and infrastructure.

The document details how East Africa has experienced warming exceeding the global average, leading to increased drought frequency, glacier loss, and significant economic losses. Future projections indicate severe risks to human health, food security, and biodiversity, particularly if warming exceeds 1.5°C. It emphasizes the need for transformative adaptation, increased climate finance, and improved climate services to build regional resilience.

The report compares the Green Development Guidance (GDG) and the Green Investment Principles (GIP), finding them highly compatible and complementary tools for reducing environmental risks and accelerating green finance in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). While the GIP is an industry-led voluntary initiative focusing on corporate governance and high-level principles for financial institutions, the GDG provides detailed project-level evaluation criteria, including a 'green light system' for project classification. The document recommends deeper information sharing, joint development of risk assessment tools, and enhanced communication between regulators and financial institutions to further align these frameworks.

The document highlights how permafrost thaw and extreme weather are damaging critical infrastructure in Northern Canada, including runways, homes, and winter roads. It advocates for transformative adaptation and funding to redesign airports, buildings, and transport systems to ensure the reliable delivery of health services and food security.

The report analyzes Vietnam's increasing reliance on coal, which grew from 18% of the electricity mix in 2010 to over 50% in 2020, and the subsequent need for a 'just transition' to protect vulnerable workers and communities. It identifies key stakeholders, including 122,000 coal industry workers, and highlights the specific vulnerability of the Northern regions like Quang Ninh. The document argues that while a transition would improve public health and the national trade balance, it requires comprehensive planning, re-skilling programs, and international financial support, such as the $15.5 billion JETP deal, to avoid increasing inequality.

The report examines Vietnam's increasing reliance on coal, which grew from 18% of electricity production in 2010 to over 50% in 2020. It argues that while a transition to clean energy will improve public health and trade balances, it poses significant risks to approximately 122,000 workers in the coal sector. The authors recommend a detailed roadmap involving inter-ministerial coordination, retraining for vulnerable groups—particularly women and older workers—and the use of both market and non-market financial tools to manage the phase-out of aging plants.

The report finds that while global climate finance almost doubled between 2011 and 2020 to a cumulative USD 4.8 trillion, current growth rates are insufficient to meet climate goals. Renewable energy dominates mitigation finance, while adaptation and sectors like agriculture and industry remain severely underfunded. A significant barrier is the continued high level of fossil fuel subsidies, which exceeded total climate finance during the decade. The report emphasizes the need for a 20% annual increase in finance by 2030, reaching USD 4.3 trillion annually, and calls for holistic sectoral strategies and a shift in the financial paradigm to mobilize private capital.

The report examines how the mining industry must balance the surge in demand for critical minerals needed for low-carbon technologies with the necessity of reducing its own greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to climate-driven risks like water scarcity and tailings dam failures.

The report examines the shift from a fossil-fuel-based geopolitical paradigm to one led by renewables in the Eastern Mediterranean. It argues that while hydrocarbon discoveries have historically escalated tensions over maritime boundaries, the transition to clean energy offers new opportunities for regional and inter-communal cooperation. Specifically, it proposes several technical and policy-driven 'green dialogue' initiatives for divided Cyprus, such as shared energy storage in the buffer zone and renewable energy trade, to build trust and align the island with EU climate goals.

The report argues that whales are sentinel species for ocean health and critical for climate regulation, but face imminent extinction risks from cumulative threats. It advocates for 'connectivity conservation' through the establishment of blue corridors and networks of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) to safeguard migratory routes across national and international waters.

The document combines a technical factsheet on groundwater in Cape Town with a 'Care for Creation' manual for youth. It explains the function of aquifers, the risks of over-extraction and pollution, and integrates these environmental concerns with Anglican theology. It advocates for sustainable water use, the protection of the Table Mountain, Cape Flats, and Atlantis aquifers, and provides practical guides for water and energy audits and waste reduction.

The Changing Markets Foundation and partner organisations wrote to Cargill on 20 December 2021, citing a report that found a "complete lack of action" among the 20 largest meat and dairy companies regarding methane emissions. The letter highlights that Cargill scored 15.2 out of 100 in the foundation's ranking and lacks specific methane reduction targets or separate reporting for methane emissions. The authors recommend that Cargill set science-based targets aligned with 1.5C, establish absolute methane reduction plans, invest in alternative proteins, and support policies promoting sustainable diets. The letter also requests specific data on investments in methane abatement and meat alternatives over the last five years.

The Changing Markets Foundation and partner organisations critique Danish Crown for its lack of concrete methane reduction targets and reporting, scoring the company 9.6 out of 100 in a ranking of 20 meat and dairy companies. The letter demands disclosure of investments in methane abatement and alternative proteins and recommends the adoption of science-based targets aligned with a 1.5°C limit, including absolute emission reductions and a shift toward sustainable food systems.

The Changing Markets Foundation and partner organisations write to Danone to highlight the company's insufficient action on methane emissions, noting that Danone scored 30.2 out of 100 in a ranking of 20 meat and dairy companies. The letter demands disclosure of investments in methane abatement and alternative proteins and recommends that Danone set science-based targets for absolute methane reductions in line with a 1.5°C global heating limit.

The Changing Markets Foundation and partner organisations argue that major meat and dairy companies, specifically Fonterra, are failing to address methane emissions. They recommend the adoption of science-based targets, separate reporting for methane and CO2, and increased investment in alternative proteins to align with the 1.5°C global heating limit.

The Changing Markets Foundation and partner organisations write to FrieslandCampina to highlight the company's lack of action on methane emissions, scoring it 8.8 out of 100 in a ranking of 20 meat and dairy companies. The letter demands disclosure of investments in methane abatement and alternative proteins and recommends setting absolute methane reduction targets aligned with a 1.5°C limit.

The Changing Markets Foundation and partner organisations write to JBS Foods to demand concrete action and transparency regarding methane emissions. Citing their 'Blindspot' report, the authors state that none of the 20 largest meat and dairy companies analysed report methane emissions separately or have meaningful targets to reduce them. JBS specifically scored 9.6 out of 100 in the ranking. The letter recommends that JBS set science-based targets aligned with 1.5°C, report absolute emissions rather than intensity, and invest in alternative proteins. It also requests specific data on investments in methane abatement and meat alternatives over the last five years.