Chuyển đổi công bằng và sự giảm dần điện sản xuất từ than ở Việt Nam

The report examines Vietnam's increasing reliance on coal, which grew from 18% of electricity production in 2010 to over 50% in 2020. It argues that while a transition to clean energy will improve public health and trade balances, it poses significant risks to approximately 122,000 workers in the coal sector. The authors recommend a detailed roadmap involving inter-ministerial coordination, retraining for vulnerable groups—particularly women and older workers—and the use of both market and non-market financial tools to manage the phase-out of aging plants.

• Vietnam's dependence on coal-fired power plants increased significantly between 2010 and 2020, rising from 18% to more than 50% of the electricity production structure.
• The coal industry employs approximately 122,000 workers, and the transition to clean energy will significantly reduce employment for those in coal mining and power plant operations.
• The first wave of coal plant closures will target the oldest plants—Ninh Bình, Uông Bí 1 and 2, and Phả Lại 1—which have a combined capacity of 645 MW and are concentrated in Northern Vietnam, specifically in the Quảng Ninh coal basin and the Red River Delta.
• Phasing out coal could yield substantial public health benefits, potentially avoiding over 750 new asthma cases, 370 premature births, and nearly 1,500 early deaths annually, resulting in medical cost savings of approximately 270 million USD.
• Coal mining has caused severe ecological damage in Quảng Ninh, including the destruction of hundreds of square kilometers of forest, soil erosion, and pollution of the Hạ Long Bay tourism and conservation area.
• Vietnam has made significant international commitments, including a goal of net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, a pledge to stop coal power production by 2040, and a 15.5 billion USD Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) agreement.
• A just transition requires specific support for vulnerable groups; for example, among the 2,013 workers at the three oldest plants, 28% are women and 57% have education levels below university, making them more susceptible to job loss.

APA

Anh, N. T. M., & Nhiên, N. T. T. (2022). Chuyển đổi công bằng và sự giảm dần điện sản xuất từ than ở Việt Nam. Climate Strategies. https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Just-Transitions-and-Coal-Power-Phase-Out-in-Vietnam_Vietnamese.pdf

Chicago

Anh, Nguyễn Thị Mai, and Ngô Thị Tố Nhiên. Chuyển đổi công bằng và sự giảm dần điện sản xuất từ than ở Việt Nam. Climate Strategies, 2022. https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Just-Transitions-and-Coal-Power-Phase-Out-in-Vietnam_Vietnamese.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Anh |first1=Nguyễn Thị Mai |last2=Nhiên |first2=Ngô Thị Tố |title=Chuyển đổi công bằng và sự giảm dần điện sản xuất từ than ở Việt Nam |publisher=Climate Strategies |date=2022 |url=https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Just-Transitions-and-Coal-Power-Phase-Out-in-Vietnam_Vietnamese.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{anh2022chuyn, author = {Anh, Nguyễn Thị Mai and Nhiên, Ngô Thị Tố}, title = {{Chuyển đổi công bằng và sự giảm dần điện sản xuất từ than ở Việt Nam}}, institution = {Climate Strategies}, year = {2022}, url = {https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Just-Transitions-and-Coal-Power-Phase-Out-in-Vietnam_Vietnamese.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }