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The SAVi assessment finds that full electrification of Ulaanbaatar's bus fleet provides USD 26.3 million in net savings and benefits over 25 years, primarily driven by avoided fuel costs and lower maintenance. These benefits increase substantially if paired with a modal shift from private cars to public transport, potentially reaching USD 774.8 million if 10% of car users switch. The transition involves expanding the current fleet of 90 electric buses to 1,303 vehicles to meet national targets of 70% electrification by 2050.

The research finds that investing in climate services for health (CSfH)—such as early warning systems and disease surveillance—yields economic returns between US$3.60 and $68.40 per dollar invested. Despite these high returns and modest funding requirements, such as an estimated $12–$18 million annually for a median-sized developing country, these tools remain underfunded and underused. Currently, only 23 percent of surveyed WMO Member States integrate meteorological data into health surveillance systems to manage risks from diseases like malaria, dengue, and heatstroke.

The SAVi assessment of the Bogotá River recovery project demonstrates that hybrid infrastructure—integrating nature-based interventions like wetland restoration with conventional systems—generated USD 349 million in net benefits. The project achieved a return of USD 1.27 for every USD 1 invested, primarily driven by USD 828 million in avoided flood damages and USD 554 million in value from improved water quality and ecosystem services.

The report evaluates three closure pathways for artisanal gold mines in Marmato, Colombia, finding that progressive closure using nature-based infrastructure (NBI) provides a return of USD 1.44 for every USD 1 invested. The primary economic driver is the reduction of mortality risks from landslides, rockfalls, and tunnel collapses. NBI interventions, including reforestation and hydrological restoration, are shown to be more cost-effective when implemented during operations rather than at the end of mine life.

The analysis finds that a sustainable tourism pathway for Geopark Teskei, based on nature-based infrastructure and ecosystem protection, generates USD 250 million in net benefits over 25 years, significantly outperforming the USD 17.6 million generated by conventional mass tourism. This shift increases net benefits per tourist from USD 7.90 to USD 113 and provides a return of USD 8.88 for every USD 1 invested. Key economic drivers include a transition to higher-value visitors and the avoidance of USD 31.9 million in environmental and infrastructure costs through improved waste and wastewater management.

The Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) assessment of the SUNCASA project in Johannesburg's Jukskei River catchment finds that nature-based solutions—including riparian restoration, invasive species removal, and urban tree planting—provide significant net benefits. Over 25 years, these interventions are projected to generate USD 8.6 million in net benefits, with a return of USD 3.06 for every USD 1 invested and a cost recovery period of 7 years. The most significant economic return stems from improved water quality, which is expected to save USD 3.7 million in avoided health costs over 25 years.

The Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) assessment of the SUNCASA project in Kigali finds that nature-based solutions—including afforestation, reforestation, agroforestry, riparian restoration, and urban tree planting—are highly cost-effective for climate adaptation. Over a 25-year period, these interventions yield a benefit-cost ratio of 2.09, with a payback period of 7 years. The primary benefits derive from reduced flood damage to urban infrastructure, alongside significant public health savings and a projected 30% increase in carbon storage (approximately 600,000 tons of carbon dioxide). The project targets 2,500 hectares across six micro-catchments and includes the planting of 85,000 urban trees to mitigate risks from extreme rainfall, heat, and soil erosion.

The Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) assessment of the SUNCASA initiative in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia, finds that nature-based solutions (NbS) such as afforestation and urban tree planting provide a return of USD 1.36 in benefits for every USD 1 invested over 25 years. Key economic benefits include USD 1.35 million in avoided flood damage to infrastructure and USD 930,000 in savings from climate-related health expenses. Environmentally, the interventions are projected to store up to 175,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide and create nearly 7,000 jobs by 2050, enhancing the city's resilience to floods, droughts, and heat.

A SAVi assessment indicates that investing USD 41.7 million in the restoration and conservation of mangroves and wetlands in Mozambique's Bons Sinais, Zambezi, and Limpopo estuaries could generate up to USD 537.5 million in net benefits. The project aims to restore 7,500 hectares of wetlands and 3,800 hectares of mangroves, while conserving 30,000 hectares of coastal ecosystems, providing a return of nearly USD 14 for every USD 1 invested. These interventions are designed to reduce flood and pollution damages by over USD 120 million and benefit approximately 211,000 people directly and over 1 million people indirectly.

The Nature-Based Infrastructure (NBI) transformation program in Kisumu, Kenya, integrates agroforestry, sanitation, and fisheries to restore the Lake Victoria basin. A Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) assessment indicates that an integrated approach could generate USD 940 million in net benefits over 26 years, yielding approximately USD 3 for every dollar invested. Key economic drivers include USD 480 million in avoided health costs through improved sanitation and USD 62.85 million in carbon valuation, which exceeds the program's capital expenditures.

The study uses satellite data and the InVEST model to analyze carbon sequestration in the Senapati district of Manipur, India, comparing a 'Business as Usual' (BAU) scenario with an 'Environmentally Sound Planning' (ESP) scenario for 2029. It finds that the ESP scenario significantly reduces both dense forest loss and carbon storage decrease compared to the BAU scenario, with the estimated value of carbon sequestration under ESP reaching USD 1,151 million.

The report evaluates the impact of the Rempang Eco City project, a National Strategic Project (PSN) intended for solar panel and alumina industries. Through economic valuation, the study finds that the average household income on Rempang Island is IDR 32.77 million per month, contradicting government claims of IDR 3 million. The research estimates that the project causes environmental losses of approximately Rp109 million per household per month, driven by the destruction of mangrove ecosystems, loss of livelihoods in fisheries and agriculture, and forced relocation. The document criticizes the project's Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL) for lacking community participation and transparency, and recommends the complete cancellation of the project to ensure socio-ecological justice.

The report evaluates the economic viability of nature-based infrastructure (NBI) through mangrove planting in the DEEP C Industrial Zone, Vietnam. It compares two implementation scenarios—natural soil accumulation and soil transfer—finding that mangroves can avoid up to VND 129.8 billion in flood damage over 26 years and provide a return of up to VND 3.42 for every VND 1 invested. The study concludes that integrating mangroves into coastal planning is a cost-effective strategy for climate adaptation, protecting infrastructure and providing co-benefits such as carbon storage and job creation.

The Hudson Bay Lowlands in northeastern Manitoba, covering over 67,000 square kilometres, provide a minimum of CAD 247.7 million in annual economic value and store an estimated 7 billion tonnes of soil organic carbon valued at CAD 1.2 trillion. The region supports over 250 wildlife species and generates CAD 131 million in tourism revenue. Five Indigenous Nations are working to establish an Indigenous Protected Area to safeguard the region, which would help Canada and Manitoba meet their goal of protecting 30% of terrestrial and inland water areas by 2030.

The report evaluates the Manitoba portion of the Hudson Bay Lowlands, a 67,181 km2 region that is 97.5% intact. It utilizes an ecosystem goods and services (EGS) framework to monetize benefits, finding a minimum annual value of CAD 247.7 million from biodiversity, tourism, and health services, alongside a carbon storage value of CAD 1.28 trillion. The document emphasizes the region's role in climate mitigation and its deep relational value to Indigenous communities, including the Cree, Métis, and Dene. It identifies threats from potential critical mineral mining, hydroelectric diversions, and transportation projects like the NeeStaNan corridor, arguing that Indigenous-led conservation is essential for meeting Canada's 30% by 2030 protection targets.

The report assesses the restoration of 579 hectares of wetlands in Chile's Biobío region, finding that nature-based infrastructure (NBI) is economically viable across all modelled scenarios. With a maximum benefit-cost ratio of 1.30, the project is projected to generate up to USD 58.74 million in avoided flood damage and rental income loss, while providing significant social value through recreation and carbon storage.

The report evaluates a hybrid infrastructure approach for flood risk management in Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana, comparing it to a business-as-usual scenario. It finds that the hybrid approach—combining nature-based solutions like wetland restoration and tree planting with grey infrastructure—is highly economically viable, with returns ranging from USD 3.26 to USD 13.53 for every USD 1 invested. The primary economic driver is the avoidance of flood damages, with estimated avoided costs between USD 163.29 million and USD 747.11 million. The assessment also identifies co-benefits such as increased carbon sequestration, improved air quality, and local job creation to support the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolitan Assembly in securing funding and aligning policies with climate priorities.

The report introduces an Excel-based model designed to quantify the financial and economic viability of nature-based solutions (NBI), such as reforestation and mangrove restoration, to enhance road resilience against climate-induced hazards like floods and landslides in Indonesia. Moving beyond traditional CBAs, the model incorporates 'non-road benefits'—including socio-economic externalities like mental health, market access for crops and livestock, and air pollution—to provide a holistic view of investment value. The model was piloted in two distinct locations: Pekanbaru (an urban-rural connection) and West Kalimantan (a rural area). Results demonstrate that while conventional CBAs focusing only on road-related costs often show that costs outweigh benefits, the inclusion of non-road benefits makes these investments economically viable in all tested scenarios. For instance, in the Pekanbaru base case, the benefit-to-cost ratio (BCR) rose to 11.45 when non-road benefits were included.

The document outlines a five-step process for assessing nature-based solutions (NbS), moving from system mapping and climate analysis to the quantification of benefits and the identification of financing structures. It emphasizes the use of systems thinking to capture multifunctional co-benefits that traditional 'grey' infrastructure often overlooks. The guide provides a toolbox of quantification and risk assessment tools and illustrates the application of the SAVi methodology through case studies in the Netherlands, Burkina Faso, Italy, Greece, Belgium, and Colombia.

The report evaluates the "Freetown the Treetown" initiative, which aims to plant millions of trees to combat deforestation and climate change in Freetown. Using Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi), it analyzes two scenarios for planting trees by 2050, projecting significant net discounted benefits between USD 21.68 million and USD 26.45 million. The primary benefits include avoided infrastructure damage from natural hazards, job creation, and reduced loss of life, with a societal return of over USD 2 for every USD 1 invested.