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This policy brief examines the institutional and policy frameworks of Tanzania's agricultural sector regarding climate change adaptation. It identifies significant gaps in national policy, data accessibility, and institutional capacity, arguing that decentralization and private sector engagement are essential to building resilience for the country's predominantly subsistence-based farming population.

This briefing from the World Resources Institute discusses the 2018 Facilitative Dialogue (FD 2018), a process designed to assess collective efforts toward the Paris Agreement's goals and inform the creation of more ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by 2020.

A summary of a Climate Action Tracker examination regarding the role of natural gas in the power sector, highlighting the necessity of phasing out gas to meet Paris Agreement goals and the risk of stranded assets due to continued infrastructure investment.

A briefing by the Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment (CAPE) arguing that Ontario's Nuclear Emergency Response Plan is outdated and insufficient to handle a catastrophic accident of the scale seen at Fukushima.

This report examines the challenges of fuel oil subsidies and the lack of a strategic pricing mechanism in Bangladesh. It highlights how government control over oil prices, driven by political considerations, creates financial burdens for the state and the Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC), potentially hindering the country's goal of achieving 8% GDP growth.

The Centre for Environmental Rights (CER) submitted a briefing to the Portfolio Committee on Environmental Affairs on 12 June 2017, detailing the failure of the Highveld Priority Area (HPA) to meet national air quality standards. The CER argues that postponements of minimum emission standards (MES) granted to Eskom and Sasol have hindered progress, and that the national air quality monitoring network is severely dysfunctional.

This research paper examines the governance challenges associated with the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus approach, which seeks to manage the interdependencies between these three sectors to enhance sustainability and climate resilience. Drawing on research from Indonesia, Kenya, and the Amazon basin, the author argues that the effectiveness of nexus approaches is heavily dependent on horizontal (cross-sectoral) and vertical (between levels of government) coordination, which are often hindered by political economy factors, institutional power struggles, and limited local capacity.

This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) and the NACP/PUC-Rio analyzes data from the TerraClass database regarding the increase of secondary vegetation (regeneration) in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2014. It highlights that while regeneration has grown significantly, current Brazilian deforestation monitoring systems are unable to detect it, creating a gap in public policy and climate goal tracking.

This report by Friends of the Earth International analyzes the 2010 Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between California, Acre (Brazil), and Chiapas (Mexico) to create a REDD+ carbon credit system. The author argues that these market-based mechanisms, including jurisdictional REDD+ programs and cap-and-trade offsets, facilitate the commodification of nature and lead to human rights violations, land dispossession, and the marginalization of indigenous and traditional communities.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) evaluates the environmental record of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and its side agreement, the North American Agreement for Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC). It examines the role of the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in generating environmental data and managing shared ecosystems, while critiquing the effectiveness of the citizen submission process. The document concludes by proposing seven options for the environmental framework of a renegotiated NAFTA, ranging from maintaining the status quo to integrating provisions from the TPP or CETA.

This policy briefing examines the interdependence between the 'Blue Economy' and maritime security within the African maritime domain, arguing that a thriving ocean economy is impossible without integrated governance that addresses criminal activity at sea.

This policy briefing by the South African Institute of International Affairs examines the opportunities and constraints of transitioning to low-carbon energy in Africa, focusing on West Africa and Nigeria. It argues that while the continent has vast renewable potential, progress is hindered by fragmented governance, inadequate investment, and a lack of coordination between niche projects and national grids.

The Center for International Environmental Law argues that the Trump Administration's intention to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement violates international law, damages US global credibility, and slows the urgent response to climate change without benefiting the coal or fossil fuel industries.

This G20 Insights policy brief, contributed to by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and environmental NGOs, argues that current global governance for displaced populations is inadequate for the scale of climate-induced migration and calls for G20 leadership in reforming humanitarian responses.

The Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) discusses the implications of the Trump administration's 2017 decision to renegotiate the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). CIEL argues that NAFTA has historically expanded resource-intensive industries at the expense of the environment and labor rights, and calls for a new trade system that prioritizes human rights, climate protection, and the elimination of fossil fuel subsidies and investor-state dispute settlements.

This research paper examines the causes and resolution of land-use conflicts between farmers and pastoralists in Tanzania, specifically focusing on the Pawaga division. It argues that these conflicts are driven by historical evictions, 'green grabbing' for conservation, large-scale agricultural investments, and a formal land dispute settlement system that is biased against pastoralists. The author proposes a community-based coalition model, piloted by the Tanzania Natural Resource Forum (TNRF), as a more effective alternative to formal judicial and administrative mechanisms.

This research paper by the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) examines the governance of marine and coastal resources in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region. It advocates for the adoption of integrated spatial planning, ecosystem-based management, and inclusive, community-led conservation models to support a sustainable 'Blue Economy'. The author emphasizes that marine conservation must be integrated with socio-economic development agendas to ensure the resilience of biodiversity and the livelihoods of coastal populations.

This policy brief examines the prevalence and impact of illegal blast fishing in Tanzania, highlighting its role in destroying coral reef ecosystems and threatening the national economy. It argues for a multi-stakeholder, cross-sectoral governance approach to eliminate the practice through stricter law enforcement, community-led management, and the provision of alternative livelihoods.

This briefing by RMI analyzes China's 'energy quota' for buildings—the Standard for Energy Consumption of Civil Buildings (GB/T51161-2016)—and identifies three primary lessons for U.S. cities and companies: the importance of meter-based peer assessment, the challenges of aligning operational targets with design codes, and the benefits of localizing performance targets to account for regional market dynamics.

This briefing by the Stockholm Environment Institute explores the operationalization of the Planetary Boundaries framework for the European Union. By downscaling global safe operating spaces using an equal-per-capita allocation, the document assesses the EU's environmental performance and suggests entry points for integrating these boundaries into EU policy-making to ensure the region lives within planetary limits.