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This statement by Daudi Sumba of WWF International argues that international trade policy and cooperation are critical levers for addressing the climate crisis and biodiversity loss. It calls for a strategic rethink of the international trading system to prioritize nature and sustainable development, specifically highlighting the need to eliminate environmentally harmful subsidies and align trade strategies with net-zero and nature-positive goals.

The document details a new purchase guarantee for domestic coal power plants in Turkey, providing a fixed price of 75 USD/MWh for 60% of their electricity production until 2030. This incentive is estimated to cost 8.7 billion USD and operates alongside an existing capacity mechanism that covers fixed and variable costs regardless of actual production.

The Turkish government has announced a purchase guarantee of $75 USD/MWh for 60% of electricity generated by domestic coal power plants until 2030, an incentive estimated to cost $8.7 billion. This guarantee is 12% higher than the average electricity sales price over the past year and 27% higher than the total costs determined by the Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation (TEİAŞ). These payments will exist alongside an existing capacity mechanism that compensates plants for fixed and variable costs even when they are not generating electricity.

The 'Governments 2025' briefing outlines eight priority actions for governments to implement by COP30 in Belém to align climate, trade, and land-use policies with global forest protection goals.

A policy brief by the Institute for Economic Justice arguing that G20 nations, which produce 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions, must coordinate to phase out oil and gas. It highlights South Africa's 2025 G20 presidency as a critical opportunity to lead on subsidy reform and financing for the Global South ahead of COP30.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics examines the concentration of global plastic polymer production among a small number of countries and companies, highlighting the tension between a majority of nations seeking production reductions and a minority of oil and gas-producing states opposing such measures.

This policy brief by the Institute for Economic Justice argues that G20 countries must establish a coordinated, finance-backed roadmap to phase out oil and gas. While G20 nations have expanded renewable capacity, they continue to provide massive subsidies to fossil fuels, creating economic and political barriers to transition. The document highlights the specific role of South Africa's 2025 G20 presidency in leading equitable discussions on subsidy reform and financing for the Global South.

This briefing note by the Forum on Trade, Environment, & the SDGs (TESS) examines the intersection of international trade and the sustainable bioeconomy. It provides a typology of trade-related policy instruments—including price-based measures, economic incentives, and regulatory requirements—that governments can use to promote nature-positive economic growth. The document emphasizes the need for international cooperation, particularly through the G20, to align these policies, avoid trade frictions, and support low- and middle-income countries in their transition to a sustainable bioeconomy.

This report by Ember analyzes the impact of a new UK government subsidy package for large-scale biomass generation at Drax Power Station for the period from April 2027 to March 2031. The report details how the transition to a new Contracts for Difference (CfD) scheme will reduce subsidies and generation, while discussing the broader strategy to phase out biomass in favor of a clean power system by 2030.

This research paper examines the influence of subsidies and renewable energy costs on the competitiveness of low-carbon steelmaking in the United States and the European Union, analyzing the tension between industrial policy and climate action.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development evaluates the financial support required for India to meet its 2030 clean energy goals across five key technologies: battery energy storage systems (BESSs), solar photovoltaic (PV), electric vehicles (EVs), offshore wind, and green hydrogen (GH2). It identifies cost gaps—the amount costs must drop to reach parity with conventional technologies—and assesses whether current government subsidies are sufficient to bridge these gaps.

This briefing analyzes the 'echo' effect of climate-related industrial policies among the world's largest trading economies, finding that subsidies and import curbs in net-zero sectors frequently trigger reciprocal responses from other major jurisdictions within 6 to 24 months.

This Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) analyzes the economic, social, and environmental impacts of the second phase of the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric (& Hybrid) Vehicles (FAME II) policy in India, which utilizes a budget of INR 100 billion to subsidize the electrification of public and shared transportation.

This policy brief by the Center for International Environmental Law argues that the future plastics treaty must address fiscal incentives and subsidies for primary plastic production, including indirect subsidies to fossil fuels, to effectively tackle the plastic pollution crisis.

This research paper by Christophe Bellmann of the International Institute for Sustainable Development outlines strategies for the World Trade Organization (WTO) to integrate sustainability into agricultural trade policies. It argues that while unilateral measures exist, multilateral cooperation is essential to address transboundary environmental challenges, food insecurity, and the impact of agricultural subsidies.

This perspective piece argues that governments must implement a planned and equitable wind-down of fossil fuel production to meet climate goals and avoid market volatility, particularly in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic and the resulting oil price crash.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development compares the scale of India's subsidies for conventional fuels versus electric vehicles, highlighting that fuel price cuts between October 2018 and June 2019 significantly outweighed the budget for the FAME II electric vehicle program.

This briefing provides a country study and data sheet on G20 subsidies for coal production and consumption in Canada for the years 2016 and 2017, serving as a baseline for tracking the phase-out of such subsidies.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the drivers of stressed coal power assets in India and advocates for a 'just transition' that prioritizes workers and communities over the protection of stranded assets.

This briefing by Mark Halle discusses the importance of Target 14.6 of the Sustainable Development Goals, which focuses on the elimination of fisheries subsidies that lead to overexploitation.