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This report assesses the role and effectiveness of community peace accords in seven Kenyan counties: Tana River, Garissa, Isiolo, Marsabit, Mandera, Wajir, and Turkana. It examines the transition from top-down, state-led agreements to community-led processes, highlighting that sustainable peace depends on local ownership, inclusive design, and the integration of traditional customs. The study identifies key drivers of conflict, including resource scarcity, historical marginalisation, and political competition under devolution, while providing policy recommendations to improve the coordination, funding, and legal frameworks supporting these accords.

This report by the Stockholm Environment Institute analyzes climate change risks and adaptation strategies for eight nature-based value chains in four arid and semi-arid counties of Kenya: Narok, Elgeyo Marakwet, West Pokot, and Turkana. Using the VC-ARID methodology, the study identifies how rising temperatures and erratic rainfall impact production, processing, and marketing of products such as livestock, fodder, honey, and aloe. It emphasizes the need for transformative adaptation, including the integration of traditional knowledge with modern technology, the strengthening of cooperatives, and the involvement of the private sector to build resilience against frequent droughts and floods.

This case study by the Green Economy Coalition examines the impact of drought on rural livelihoods in Ethiopia and evaluates the effectiveness of traditional humanitarian aid versus market-based resilience strategies implemented by Mercy Corps.

This research paper examines the causes and resolution of land-use conflicts between farmers and pastoralists in Tanzania, specifically focusing on the Pawaga division. It argues that these conflicts are driven by historical evictions, 'green grabbing' for conservation, large-scale agricultural investments, and a formal land dispute settlement system that is biased against pastoralists. The author proposes a community-based coalition model, piloted by the Tanzania Natural Resource Forum (TNRF), as a more effective alternative to formal judicial and administrative mechanisms.

This 2012 technical report by the Stockholm Environment Institute provides a baseline assessment of livelihood strategies in the Nariarlé watershed of the Volta River Basin in Burkina Faso. Based on community fieldwork conducted in June 2010 across four villages, the report details the practices, yields, and constraints of four primary groups: rainfed farmers, irrigated gardeners, pastoralists, and fishers.

This concept paper outlines an expert roundtable workshop hosted by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) in Mombasa, Kenya, on September 29-30, 2009. The workshop focuses on the legal, policy, and institutional challenges associated with climate change and transboundary water conflicts in Africa, with a specific emphasis on the Nile River Basin.

This policy brief, published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) in August 2009, examines climate-related vulnerability and adaptive capacity among pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in the Borana and Shinile zones of Ethiopia. Based on a 2009 study, the document details how increasing temperatures, drought frequency, and unpredictable rainfall are rendering traditional coping strategies ineffective, leading to food insecurity and environmental degradation. It provides specific recommendations for the Ethiopian government, civil society, and international donors to enhance resilience through community-led interventions, improved infrastructure, and better climate information sharing.

This report analyzes the relationship between water-resource conflicts and pastoral livelihoods in Wajir District, Kenya. It examines how competition for limited water sources, particularly during dry seasons, leads to violent conflicts that divert time and resources away from basic needs, thereby undermining the socio-economic stability of pastoralist communities.

This report details a Peace and Conflict Impact Assessment (PCIA) mission conducted in October 2002 to evaluate the impact of the Livestock Sector Support Program (PASEL) on reducing conflicts between farmers and herders in the Maradi region of Niger. The mission analyzed how PASEL's strategies—such as securing transhumance corridors and promoting intensive livestock farming—addressed resource competition and systemic inequalities.

This problem tree analysis identifies the lack of micro-finance and access to credit for pastoralist women in Ethiopia as a central problem, driven by gender-blind norms and institutional failures, leading to increased poverty and low climate resilience.

This document is a role-playing card for a 'social lottery' exercise featuring a character named Semir, a pastoralist in Ethiopia, designed to facilitate group discussions on drought, information access, and community initiatives.

This research paper examines the systemic vulnerabilities of global pastoral communities and the drivers of conflict associated with their livelihoods. It argues that pastoralists are often politically and economically marginalized, making them susceptible to radicalization and violence, particularly as resource scarcity increases due to climate change and land encroachment. The document proposes a sustainable livelihoods-based framework for conflict analysis and suggests multi-dimensional interventions that integrate pastoralists into wider societal and economic structures while respecting their traditional mobility and resource management practices.

This policy brief examines the 1973 Lokiriama Peace Accord, an unwritten indigenous agreement between the Turkana of Kenya and the Matheniko of Uganda. The author argues that this community-centred, culturally sensitive approach to conflict resolution is more durable than modern, state-led interventions, which often focus on punishment rather than reconciliation. The document recommends that governments in the Karamoja Cluster integrate traditional governance structures into their peacebuilding strategies to address persistent intercommunal violence and the impacts of climate change.