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This research paper by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) outlines methodological approaches for assessing the additionality of climate investments, specifically drawing from the evaluation of the Climate Public Private Partnership (CP3) program. The paper proposes both a qualitative multi-criteria assessment (MCA) framework and a quantitative composite index to determine if investments represent a deviation from business-as-usual scenarios.

The report introduces a framework for measuring 'additionality' in climate finance, focusing on whether public investments catalyze activity that would not have occurred under a business-as-usual scenario. It details a qualitative multi-criteria assessment (MCA) for individual projects and a quantitative 'additionality modifier' based on the IESE VCPE Index for portfolio-level analysis. The findings suggest that private equity is a viable instrument for additionality as it often targets high-risk markets where commercial investment is otherwise lacking.

The document outlines strategies for mainstreaming gender into technical modelling, identifying key barriers such as data gaps and lack of awareness, and offering practical frameworks for inclusive project design and data collection.

The research paper introduces a comprehensive assessment framework designed to evaluate the ambition of post-2020 greenhouse gas emission reduction proposals, specifically Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). By applying various assessment approaches to the proposals of China, the EU, and the US, the authors demonstrate that while individual results vary, clear trends emerge. The framework is intended to support the Paris Agreement's requirement for regular reviews and the global stocktake process, addressing a current lack of comprehensive assessment methods.

This working paper by the Climate Policy Initiative, supported by PILAR and UNPAR, proposes a framework for district-level natural capital assessment in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. It argues that current land valuations underestimate the true value of ecosystem services and are hindered by inconsistent government regulations and data gaps. The paper recommends a pilot assessment in Kotawaringin Timur due to its high concentration of palm oil infrastructure and critical high conservation value areas.

The report finds a significant lack of primary quantitative research on how fossil fuel subsidy reforms specifically affect women. It argues that while subsidies are generally regressive—benefiting wealthier households—their removal can disproportionately harm poor women due to their primary responsibility for domestic energy tasks and limited intra-household bargaining power. The document reviews the potential for mitigation measures, such as conditional cash transfers and targeted energy vouchers, and outlines a mixed-methods research plan for Bangladesh, India, and Nigeria to analyze impacts on women's welfare, productivity, and empowerment.

The paper argues that off-taker risk—specifically the risk of delayed payments from state-level public sector electricity distribution companies (DISCOMs)—deters foreign investment in India's renewable energy sector. While the Indian government has implemented payment security mechanisms (PSMs) under the Jawaharlal National Solar Mission (JNNSM), the authors contend these lack transparency and are inadequate in size. To address this, the authors develop a framework based on credit and financial guarantees, utilizing probability of default (PD), exposure at default (EAD), and recovery after default (RAD). Applying this framework to the Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) for JNNSM Phase 2, Batch 1, the authors estimate a required PSM size of INR 4160 million (INR 5.55 million/MW), which is more than 2.5 times the size of the existing INR 170 crore facility. The document concludes that transparent, adequately sized PSMs are essential to mobilize foreign capital and efficiently use public funds.

The World Resources Institute has developed the Restoration Diagnostic to help countries and landscapes move from restoration commitments to action. By analyzing 16 global case studies, WRI identified three essential themes for success: clear motivation, enabling conditions, and capacity/resources for sustained implementation. The Diagnostic and its accompanying Excel-based Assessment Tool allow stakeholders to identify missing success factors and determine the policies and incentives needed to trigger restoration at scale.

The manual describes the CRiSTAL Parques tool, which focuses on the links between human communities and protected areas to identify climate risks and design adaptation activities. It outlines a three-module process: understanding the conservation and climate context, evaluating implications for management plans, and supporting monitoring and evaluation. The tool emphasizes participatory methods, such as stakeholder workshops, to identify 'conservation objects' and the ecosystem services they provide to local livelihoods.

The document argues that production-based emissions accounting allows the EU to outsource manufacturing and claim emissions reductions while domestic consumption drives emissions elsewhere. It introduces the Carbon-CAP project, which evaluates over 30 policy instruments across sectors like transport and food to complement existing production-focused policies. These instruments are assessed based on effectiveness, scope, economic equity, and political/legal acceptance to avoid rebound effects and emissions shifting within the global economy.

The document outlines a framework for evaluating emissions trading schemes (ETS) by categorising assessment into operational aspects and outcomes. It reviews methodologies for analysing carbon prices, market activity, and transaction costs, as well as outcomes related to emissions, innovation, trade, and employment. The authors argue that while operational data is often readily available, assessing long-term outcomes like innovation and employment requires high-quality, disaggregated firm-level data and counterfactual baselines. The paper concludes with specific recommendations for China's pilot schemes, suggesting a prioritisation of carbon price and emissions analysis due to data availability, while advising a cautious, qualitative approach to innovation and trade effects in the short term.

The paper argues that ecological, financial, and political systems are under increasing pressure, creating a need to integrate 'hard' security (state-centric) with 'human' security (individual and ecosystem well-being). It identifies commonalities between these fields—such as uncertainty, irreversibilities, and multi-stakeholder complexity—and proposes a three-step methodology: context analysis, participatory scenario building, and options appraisal. Case studies demonstrate how water scarcity in the Nile and Euphrates-Tigris basins, climate-driven geophysical changes in the Arctic, and energy-water dependencies in Central Asia create security risks that require integrated governance and investment strategies.

The WEFsat-Mining Tool User Guidance Manual describes a methodology for assessing how mining affects the water-energy-food nexus. It guides users through a four-step process: establishing a community WEF baseline, identifying mining-specific influences, determining mitigation and enhancement actions, and summarizing findings for decision-makers. The tool utilizes a framework focusing on availability, access, supporting infrastructure, and supporting policies.

The document discusses the 'Replenish' approach, developed by The Coca-Cola Company and WWF, which allows companies to quantify the amount of water they return to nature and communities. It argues that while replenishment targets can drive investment, they must be part of a comprehensive water stewardship strategy that includes internal efficiency, collective action, and alignment with local hydrology to be ecologically meaningful.

The document outlines a systems-based approach to measuring food system resilience, moving beyond narrow food availability metrics to include supporting infrastructure and governance. Using the CRiSTAL Food Security tool across 20 communities in Honduras and Nicaragua, the authors identify key resilience drivers such as storage, energy, transport, and water management. It argues that participatory, iterative processes for developing indicators are essential for community buy-in and that these broad indicators should complement existing food security monitoring schemes.

The report establishes a framework for evaluating the financial viability of power sectors through four key criteria: cost recovery, ability to meet demand, investment capacity, and adherence to social and environmental norms. It details specific metrics such as Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE), system losses, and the 'price-gap approach' for measuring subsidies. The analysis highlights global variances, noting that 82% of 87 analyzed countries provided electricity subsidies in 2011 and that power outages cause significant economic losses, averaging 19% of annual sales for affected firms. The framework also emphasizes the tension between achieving full cost recovery and maintaining affordability for low-income households, particularly in African nations.

The report analyzes the current state of concentrated solar power (CSP), noting that while it has potential to supply up to 10% of global energy demand by 2050, it remains expensive and heavily dependent on public support. The authors find that over 98% of total CSP investment to date has required public support. The document outlines a plan to evaluate the effectiveness of public finance through case studies in India and South Africa, expert dialogues, and a final lessons-learned paper. It details various public support mechanisms, including feed-in-tariffs, competitive tenders, reverse auctioning, and concessional loans, while highlighting the specific challenges and opportunities in emerging markets.

The report outlines a methodology for creating biocultural community protocols—documents that record a community's customary laws, governance, and visions—to help them negotiate with extractive industries. It provides action research questions, guidance for facilitators, and tools for community mobilisation and external engagement, while highlighting the legal and structural challenges faced by communities in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

The document outlines a hybrid monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework used by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) to track the effectiveness of its Negotiations Support programme. Because international climate negotiations are complex and non-linear, CDKN moved away from traditional linear causal chains toward 'outcome mapping,' which focuses on behavioral changes in 'boundary partners' (negotiators and delegations). The framework uses five 'Dimensions of Change' as proxies for outcome challenges, with specific 'progress markers' categorized by ambition: 'expect to see', 'like to see', and 'love to see'. Early results indicate that change was observed across all five dimensions, with the most significant progress in negotiator capacity and coordination. The paper argues that while direct attribution of negotiation successes to specific interventions is difficult and politically sensitive, this approach allows for the identification of 'plausible contributions'.

The document outlines the necessity of establishing a robust system of indicators (SDGIs) to measure progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) mandated by the Rio+20 conference. It proposes that the development of these indicators should be grounded in a principles-based approach, specifically citing the BellagioSTAMP principles, and should be conducted via an 'arms-length' technical process to ensure scientific objectivity and avoid data-driven goal setting. The paper highlights challenges including the universal application of SDGs to both developed and developing nations, the need for a systemic socio-ecological framework, and the integration of Earth Observation data alongside traditional statistics.