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The report uses data from the National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment (NATA) and the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP) to quantify the health burden of diesel PM2.5. It finds that offroad diesel sources generally cause more cases of premature mortality and higher economic costs than onroad sources. The analysis employs a variety of epidemiological studies to estimate endpoints ranging from adult mortality to childhood asthma exacerbations, applying EPA-standard unit values and income adjustments to determine the economic impact.

The document analyzes the Brazilian freight transportation sector, which is heavily reliant on road transport. It evaluates the National Plan for Logistics and Transport (PNLT), estimating that an 'ideal' modal shift toward rail and waterways by 2025 could reduce GHG emissions by over 40% compared to a business-as-usual scenario. However, the study identifies significant barriers, including a complex dual-taxation system on multimodal transport, a deeply embedded 'road culture' supported by a strong truck manufacturing industry, and regulatory inconsistencies between transport agencies. It proposes a set of input, process, output, and outcome indicators to monitor the plan's progress and the resulting energy efficiency and emission reductions.

The report projects that Illinois will face significantly hotter summers, increased flash flooding, and severe threats to agriculture if heat-trapping emissions continue to rise. Under a higher-emissions scenario, Chicago could see more than 70 days above 90°F per summer by the end of the century, and corn yields could decline by as much as 50% by mid-century. The document advocates for a transition to clean energy, including renewable electricity standards and a moratorium on new coal plants, alongside federal cap-and-trade legislation to mitigate these risks.

The report projects that Iowa will face significantly hotter summers, increased flooding in winter and spring, and new threats to agriculture due to climate change. Under a higher-emissions scenario, Des Moines could see over 85 days per summer above 90°F and frequent heat waves similar to the 1995 Chicago disaster. Agriculture is threatened by heat stress for corn and livestock, as well as the northward expansion of pests like the corn earworm. The document argues that Iowa can mitigate these risks by strengthening its renewable electricity standard, promoting energy efficiency, and banning coal plants without carbon capture and storage, supported by federal cap-and-trade and fuel economy standards.

The report projects that Michigan will face significantly hotter summers, increased flooding, and agricultural disruptions by the end of the century, particularly under a higher-emissions scenario. It highlights risks to public health from extreme heat and ozone pollution, as well as threats to the state's dairy and corn industries. To mitigate these effects, the document advocates for strengthening renewable energy standards, updating building codes, and implementing federal cap-and-trade and fuel economy policies.

The report projects that Minnesota will face significantly hotter summers, increased flooding, and agricultural threats if current emissions trends continue. Under a high-emissions scenario, the state could see a 12°F increase in average summer temperatures by the end of the century, with Minneapolis-St. Paul experiencing nearly 70 days over 90°F per summer. These changes are expected to increase heat-related mortality, worsen air quality through higher ozone and particulate levels, and disrupt farming via heat stress and pest expansion. The document advocates for a transition to renewable energy, increased energy efficiency, and a federal cap-and-trade program to mitigate these risks.

The report projects that Missouri will face significantly hotter summers, increased flooding, and agricultural disruptions if heat-trapping emissions continue to rise. It highlights severe risks for St. Louis, including extreme heat waves and deteriorating air quality, and suggests a combination of state-level energy efficiency and federal climate legislation to mitigate these effects.

The report projects that Ohio will face significantly hotter summers, increased flooding, and agricultural disruptions if current emissions trends continue. It highlights severe risks to public health from heat waves and ozone pollution, and warns of crop and livestock stress. The document advocates for a transition to clean energy through stronger renewable electricity standards, updated building codes, and federal cap-and-trade legislation.

The report projects that Wisconsin will face significantly hotter summers, increased flooding, and agricultural disruptions if current emissions trends continue. Under a high-emissions scenario, Milwaukee could see more than 55 days per summer over 90°F by the end of the century. The document advocates for a transition to clean energy through renewable electricity standards, energy efficiency, and federal cap-and-trade policies to mitigate these risks.

The report challenges the promotion of jatropha as a 'wonder crop' for biofuels, using evidence from Swaziland to argue that it may compete with food production, require significant water and chemical inputs, and offer marginal economic benefits to small-scale farmers. It highlights concerns over unfair contracting practices by D1 Oils and the lack of environmental risk assessments, concluding that jatropha is not a sustainable 'silver bullet' for meeting EU and UK biofuel targets.

The document argues that a national energy efficiency resource standard (EERS) is the most cost-effective way to meet new energy needs in Florida, potentially saving the state $14 billion and creating nearly 20,000 jobs by 2020.

The document argues that a national energy efficiency resource standard (EERS) is the most cost-effective way to meet new energy needs in Virginia. By 2020, such a standard could result in $2.3 billion in energy savings, the creation of over 3,700 jobs, and a reduction of 7.5 million metric tons of CO2 emissions. Additionally, Virginia could reduce electricity consumption by 13% by 2015, which would cover 62% of the projected increase in demand.

The document highlights the significant water requirements of thermoelectric power plants in South Carolina and the energy costs associated with water heating and treatment, proposing policy priorities to improve efficiency in both sectors.

The report argues that EU consumption and trade policies drive the expansion of monoculture tree plantations in the Global South, which disproportionately harms women by destroying their livelihoods, health, and cultural identities. Through case studies in Nigeria (rubber), Papua New Guinea (oil palm), and Brazil (eucalyptus), the document details the loss of food sovereignty, the erosion of traditional medicinal knowledge, and the increase in gender-based violence and economic dependency. It highlights that while these projects are often framed as 'development,' they frequently result in land theft and environmental degradation. The report concludes by documenting the emergence of women-led resistance movements fighting for land return and food sovereignty.

The document examines the impact of emissions offsets on air quality in California under the Global Warming Solutions Act (AB 32). It highlights a University of California at Berkeley study showing that while in-state offsets produce mixed results—reducing methane but increasing nitrogen oxides (NOx)—out-of-state offsets lead to an increase in nearly every air pollutant, effectively exporting air quality co-benefits away from the state.

The February 10, 2009 collision between the Iridium 33 and Cosmos 2251 satellites at an altitude of 470 miles significantly increased space debris in an already crowded region of low Earth orbit (LEO). The collision, occurring at speeds over 22,000 mph, created a debris cloud that spreads globally, threatening other satellites. Because atmospheric drag is minimal at this altitude, a large fraction of the debris will remain in orbit for decades, with roughly one-quarter of large debris expected to persist after 30 years. The document notes that the 700 to 1,000 km altitude band is already 'supercritical,' meaning collisions create debris faster than atmospheric drag removes it, potentially leading to a chain reaction. While international debris mitigation guidelines exist, the author argues they should be made mandatory and enforced, and suggests the development of space traffic management systems to preserve the long-term use of space.

The report examines how Vietnam's investment incentives, particularly tax breaks, influence foreign direct investment (FDI) and sustainable development in the mining and quarrying sector. It finds that while FIEs outperform domestic firms economically, incentives are not the primary driver for investment decisions nor for sustainable behavior. Social and environmental commitments are often passive, driven by parent company policies or basic legal compliance rather than government incentives.

The document identifies fine particulate matter (PM2.5), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and benzene as primary pollutants of concern in the Kathmandu Valley, with PM10 and PM2.5 levels exceeding WHO guidelines by 2 to 10 times. Road transport and re-suspended dust are the dominant sources of PM10, contributing approximately 63 percent of emissions. The brief estimates that PM10 exposure causes about 1,600 premature deaths annually, while benzene and PAH exposure increase risks of leukaemia and lung cancer. To combat this, the document recommends the implementation of the Programme for Rapid Evaluation of air Pollution (PREPair) and specific interventions including the transition to Vertical Shaft Brick Kilns, the introduction of Bus Rapid Transport, and the use of low sulphur fuels.

The report projects that Indiana will face significantly hotter summers, increased flooding, and agricultural disruptions if heat-trapping emissions continue to rise. It highlights severe risks to public health from heat waves and poor air quality, and suggests that the state transition from its heavy reliance on coal-fired power to renewable energy and energy efficiency to mitigate these effects.

The document details how rising temperatures in the Northwest are reducing springtime snowpack and shifting streamflow timing, which threatens water supplies, hydropower production, and salmon populations. It also highlights risks of increased forest fires, pest infestations, and coastal erosion due to sea-level rise, particularly in the Puget Sound region.