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The Energy Supply Financing Ratio (ESFR) compares a bank's financing of fossil fuels against its financing of sustainable alternatives, with a target ratio of 6:1 by 2030 based on IEA scenarios. Reclaim Finance warns that varying methodologies allow banks to present misleading ratios, often by excluding capital market activities or including fossil-fuel-related technologies like CCUS in 'low-carbon' scopes. While some North American and French banks have begun publishing these ratios, significant gaps in transparency and scope persist.

The Energy Supply Financing Ratio (ESFR) compares a bank's financing of fossil fuels against its financing of sustainable energy alternatives. Based on the International Energy Agency's (IEA) Net Zero Emissions by 2050 scenario, a ratio of 6:1 is required by 2030 to meet climate goals. However, Reclaim Finance finds that the 65 largest global banks averaged a ratio of only 0.42:1 between 2021 and 2024. The document warns that banks often use misleading methodologies—such as excluding capital markets activities or including fossil-fuel-linked technologies like CCUS in 'low-carbon' categories—to greenwash their climate strategies.

The policy brief examines the 'cross-chain' risks in the carbon capture and storage (CCS) value chain, where delays in transport or storage infrastructure leave industrial emitters facing a 'double burden': the cost of capture equipment and continued EU ETS payments for uncaptured emissions. It contrasts the EU's current funding gaps with the UK's 'CCS business models' and suggests the EU utilize ETS revenues or the proposed Industrial Decarbonisation Bank to provide financial safeguards during infrastructure outages.

The report finds that 23% of Americans with disabilities believe global warming is harming their health, a higher proportion than the 14% of Americans without disabilities who feel the same. Despite this, the study suggests many people with disabilities may underestimate their risks. Additionally, Americans with disabilities report lower levels of trust in federal agencies and climate scientists as sources of health information compared to those without disabilities, while both groups maintain similar trust in primary care doctors and first responders.

The report examines government capacity in Africa, primarily through the lens of revenue mobilization and the tax-to-GDP ratio. It notes that while Africa's average tax-to-GDP ratio is around 15.6% to 16.5%, this remains lower than in Asia, Latin America, and OECD countries. The document highlights that low-income and larger African countries, such as Nigeria and the DR Congo, struggle more with resource mobilization and are often characterized by neo-patrimonialism and corruption, which undermine the effective use of revenues. However, it suggests that significant unmet tax potential remains, particularly in low-income countries, which could be unlocked through appropriate policies to improve public finances and reduce borrowing.

The document analyzes the 'Combined Agenda 2063' scenario for São Tomé and Príncipe, which integrates 11 sectoral scenarios to project development outcomes by 2043. The scenario predicts a significant increase in GDP per capita to US$7,082 and a substantial reduction in extreme poverty, lifting an additional 88,000 people above the poverty line compared to the Current Path. While the service, manufacturing, and agriculture sectors are identified as the primary GDP contributors, the report notes that this economic growth would lead to a 333.3% increase in carbon emissions, rising from 30,000 tons in 2019 to 130,000 tons by 2043, necessitating an accelerated energy transition.

The share of gas in the global power mix fell for the fifth consecutive year in 2025, dropping from 23.9% in 2020 to 21.8%. While absolute global gas generation has not yet peaked, its growth rate slowed from 2.9% (2016-2020) to 1.6% (2021-2025) as solar and wind met approximately 68% of global electricity demand growth over the last five years. By 2025, 61 out of 124 gas-generating economies had passed their historical gas generation peaks. In the G7, renewable power (2,544 TWh) nearly equaled gas power (2,577 TWh) in 2025. Conversely, gas remains central to the power sectors of the US and Canada, and continues to support demand in parts of North and West Africa.

Climate Central analysis indicates that climate change increases the probability of performance-impairing heat (above 28°C) for 97 out of 104 scheduled 2026 World Cup matches. Nearly half of the matches face at least a 50% chance of such heat, with the highest impact seen in the June 26 match in Guadalajara. To mitigate health and performance risks, organizers have implemented mandatory hydration breaks and increased evening matches, though only three stadiums (Atlanta, Dallas, and Houston) are fully climate-controlled.

The report argues that Canada's historical advantage of low-cost electricity is at risk due to outdated grid infrastructure, cautious energy planning, and policy instability. By comparing Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec with international peers like Texas and Germany, the analysis finds that Canadian grids often under-plan for industrial growth and lag in flexibility and transmission capacity. The document recommends that the federal government support interprovincial coordination, provide targeted funding for grid expansion, ensure a stable Clean Electricity Regulation, and prioritize grid flexibility to maintain industrial competitiveness.

The document outlines a comparative framework using six indicators—energy planning, flexible grid planning, transmission planning, electricity procurement, industrial rate modernization, and climate policy predictability—to assess the competitiveness of jurisdictions including Ontario, Alberta, Quebec, British Columbia, Germany, the UK, Norway, New South Wales, Washington, and Texas.

Bosnia and Herzegovina faces a significant investment gap of 3.5 billion euros to meet EU Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (UWWTD) requirements, with only 20 operational treatment plants currently in place. The report suggests that BiH can leverage Sweden's experience in sectoral knowledge sharing, inter-municipal cooperation, and the use of both centralized and decentralized systems to improve sustainability. Key recommendations include adopting the 2024 Master Plan for Agglomerations, developing entity-level sludge management plans, and bypassing traditional linear models in favor of circular resource recovery for water, nutrients, and energy.

The document argues that legal recognition of rivers as entities with personhood rights is a catalyst for transforming environmental governance, but it is insufficient on its own to ensure ecological or social outcomes. Drawing on cases from Bangladesh and Colombia, the brief identifies critical implementation gaps, including a lack of operational clarity, fragmented governance, and the marginalization of local community knowledge. It recommends that effective river governance requires clearly defined legal obligations, coordinated institutional leadership, inclusive multi-stakeholder participation, and integrated social and ecological health indicators, all supported by long-term financial resourcing.

Bosnia and Herzegovina faces a significant investment gap of EUR 3.5 billion to meet EU wastewater standards, with only 20 operating treatment plants. The report compares the fragmented institutional landscape of Bosnia and Herzegovina with Sweden's more integrated approach, highlighting the role of trade organizations like Svenskt Vatten and inter-municipal collaborations like NSVA. It suggests that Bosnia and Herzegovina can 'leapfrog' traditional centralized systems by adopting circular resource recovery principles for water, nutrients, and energy, and by tailoring solutions to the specific scale of urban and rural agglomerations.

The report finds that granting legal personhood to rivers is a symbolic starting point that often fails to produce material ecological recovery due to fragmented governance, anthropocentric interpretations, and the marginalization of local knowledge. In Bangladesh, a state-led guardianship model lacks enforcement power and community representation, while Colombia's shared guardianship model incorporates biocultural knowledge but remains constrained by financial limitations and sectoral fragmentation.

The document analyzes the relationship between Africa's rapid population growth and its economic development, noting that while the continent's overall economy is projected to grow faster than the global average, high population growth limits gains in GDP per capita. It emphasizes the need for sub-Saharan Africa to achieve a demographic dividend and improve productivity through education and manufacturing to narrow the gap with the global average.

The report details specific multipliers and targets for Burundi across several development scenarios. Key interventions include improving government effectiveness, reducing child and maternal mortality, increasing vocational training, boosting agricultural yields, and expanding renewable energy and ICT infrastructure. The document compares these projected outcomes against averages for low-income African countries and historical benchmarks from other African nations.

Africa's infrastructure spending is robust relative to GDP but insufficient given population growth, with financing heavily reliant on governments and development partners. Public investment is severely constrained by high sovereign debt, with debt servicing costs often exceeding infrastructure spending. Private investment remains low due to high capital costs and risk perceptions, though specific countries like South Africa and Egypt have seen success through targeted policy frameworks. Development finance is also facing a decline due to geopolitical and macroeconomic pressures.

Africa has seen infrastructure improvements, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, but continues to face a substantial deficit driven by population growth and urbanisation. Financing is characterized by a tension between concessional Western multilateral loans and more commercial, opaque Chinese lending via the Belt and Road Initiative. Recent efforts, such as the PIDA framework and the 2025 Africa Infrastructure Financing Summit, aim to align investment with pan-African priorities and global sustainability goals, including a transition toward renewables and electric mobility.

The study finds that the draft CRCF methodology for carbon farming is not fit for purpose, setting a lower integrity standard than the PACM and risking the issuance of units not backed by actual emission reductions. Key failures include insufficient additionality and permanence requirements, the omission of leakage and indirect land-use change (ILUC) risks, and a lack of systematic safeguards. The authors recommend revising the methodology to align with international benchmarks and prohibiting the use of CRCF carbon farming units for offsetting purposes.

The guide assesses ten regenerative and regenerative-principle food labels, finding significant variation in their requirements. It highlights that some labels allow toxic pesticides and that the most reliable standards—specifically USDA Organic and those built upon it—combine strict chemical prohibitions with robust verification and soil health practices. The analysis distinguishes between 'threshold' programs with fixed standards and 'pathway' programs that support incremental farmer improvement.