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The paper examines the gap between Ethiopia's large-scale grid expansion and the needs of the rural poor, proposing a Sector Wide Approach (SWAp) to integrate decentralized renewable energy into national policy.

The research investigates the risk of 'vulnerability redistribution,' where adaptation measures in one location inadvertently increase vulnerability elsewhere. The authors develop a framework based on the 'sustainable livelihoods' approach, focusing on five asset types (natural, physical, social, financial, and human) to identify 'risk transfer pathways.' Applying this to Colombia's coffee sector, the study identifies three primary pathways for indirect effects: global economic competition affecting price premiums, donor-funded projects diverting national institutional resources, and infrastructure improvements reducing demand for manual labour.

The research argues that existing assessments of the Keystone XL pipeline overlook the 'price effect,' where increased oil supply lowers global prices and induces higher consumption. Using a supply-and-demand model, the authors find that if the pipeline enables production that would not otherwise reach the market, it could increase global GHG emissions by up to 93 million tCO2e per year by 2020. This impact is significantly higher than the emissions resulting solely from the higher carbon intensity of oil sands compared to other crudes.

The study examines the role of transformative learning in engaging 24 Swedish forestry stakeholders from Kronoberg and Västerbotten counties with climate change adaptation. While focus group discussions increased general knowledge and awareness, they had limited impact on the perceived urgency of action, as many stakeholders viewed climate impacts as distant or contradicted by personal experience. The findings suggest that engagement is highest when scientific knowledge is linked to stakeholders' specific objectives and past experiences with extreme weather, and that deep-rooted distrust in climate science remains a significant barrier.

The document introduces the Adaptive and Integrated Disaster Resilience (AIDR) framework, designed to address the increasing complexity and uncertainty of disasters caused by environmental and socio-economic changes. AIDR focuses on building system adaptiveness through institutional processes that operate across sectors and scales. The authors identify seven conceptual pathways to achieve this integration: integrating DRR with adaptation and development, strengthening polycentric governance, fostering collaborations, improving knowledge and information, enabling institutional learning, self-organization and networking, and providing disaster risk finance and insurance. When applying these pathways to Indonesia, the authors emphasize the need for increased resources for local multi-stakeholder collaboration and the necessity of placing communities at the center of DRR and adaptation efforts.

The study validates an automated, multiplexed carbon-flux chamber system in grassland mesocosms, finding that hourly flux measurements align well with destructive net carbon balance data, provided that net ecosystem exchange (NEE) fluxes are corrected for light reductions caused by the chambers. The system's ability to partition photosynthetic and respiratory fluxes also allows for the assessment of temperature sensitivity in ecosystem respiration components across different growth stages.

The document introduces the concept of indirect climate change impacts—risks observed in one location but caused by climate events elsewhere—and argues that national adaptation planning must account for global interdependence. It highlights that wealthier nations may be particularly exposed to these indirect risks despite low direct vulnerability. The brief references a text analysis of 25 countries' National Communications to the UNFCCC and a case study of the UK to examine how these impacts are addressed.

The document examines how international offset mechanisms, which typically provide no net atmospheric benefit, could be designed to deliver a net decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. It identifies the need for certain additionality, surplus reductions, the avoidance of double counting, and the exclusion of surplus reductions from host country pledges to achieve a net atmospheric benefit.

The document evaluates three global mitigation pathways against IPCC carbon budgets to determine their probability of limiting global surface temperature increases. The 1.5°C marker pathway, with emissions peaking in 2014 and declining by 7.1% annually, has a greater than 66% probability of staying below 2°C. The 2°C marker pathway, with a 3.4% annual decline from a 2014 peak, has a less than 50% chance of holding warming below 2°C. The G8 pathway, based on a 2008 declaration with emissions peaking in 2021, has a chance of staying below 2°C that is far less than 33%.

The research identifies a significant lack of mutual understanding regarding roles and responsibilities among flood risk stakeholders in Australia. Findings indicate that insurance providers felt ignored until the 2010–2011 floods, councils felt limited in their risk-reduction options, and the SES felt over-relied upon for response. The paper argues that achieving the shared responsibility vision of the 2009 National Strategy for Disaster Resilience requires better inter-stakeholder understanding and increased personal responsibility from residents.

Using the Statistical Downscaling Tool (SDSM) and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), the study projects that while the Gilgel Abay River may experience a decrease in precipitation and flow volume between 2010 and 2040, these trends are expected to reverse with significant increases by 2070-2100. Overall, climate change is projected to increase annual flow volume, potentially benefiting small-scale irrigation and dam projects, though low flow conditions are expected to remain largely unaffected.

The document evaluates the utility of shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) and representative concentration pathways (RCPs) for climate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability (IAV) research. It identifies shortcomings in previous social-environmental scenarios and proposes an expanded research agenda for SSPs.

This policy brief evaluates the use of the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) model in Estonian energy planning. A 2012 re-assessment found that actual CO₂ and SO₂ emissions between 2000 and 2006 were slightly higher than 2009 model projections, primarily due to revised statistical methodologies and unexpected increases in electricity exports. The study highlights that while LEAP is effective for supply predictions, it is less accurate for demand forecasts due to the influence of unpredictable political and economic decisions. The authors argue for the necessity of periodic ex post re-assessments of modelling results to improve policy planning and reduce future uncertainties.

The vulnerability assessment in the Virunga landscape reveals that climate-related disturbances affect different social groups and activities unevenly. While non-Batwa women identified that direct consequences of events like flooding can be mitigated to reduce impacts on income, Batwa groups perceive themselves as more severely affected by destructive disturbances such as strong winds. The Batwa are identified as a particularly vulnerable group due to extreme poverty, high dependency on the park, and displacement resulting from restricted park access, leaving many in poor housing.

This briefing note details a vulnerability assessment conducted between 2011 and 2012 in the Monte Alén–Monts de Cristal landscape as part of the COBAM project. The analysis highlights how climate variability, specifically unpredictable rainfall and temperature increases, negatively impacts agricultural production and food security, with female-headed households and those lacking young labor being the most vulnerable social groups.

The document advocates for a shift from top-down development to a resilience-based approach in African agriculture, using conceptual models like the adaptive cycle and panarchy to understand systemic collapse and restoration. Through case studies in Zimbabwe, Tanzania, and Kenya, it demonstrates how political power, colonial legacies, and rigid policy frameworks can create poverty traps, while local leadership and enabling policies can restore ecological and social resilience.

The document examines the methodological challenges in estimating emission reductions from cookstove projects, identifying critical research gaps in uncertainty accounting, baseline fuel consumption factors, and the inclusion of non-CO2 gases and black carbon.

The document describes a water resource systems model for the Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint, Alabama–Coosa–Tallapoosa, and Tombigbee River basins. The model integrates electricity generation, agricultural, and municipal water use to assess impacts on streamflow and water temperatures, specifically addressing thermal pollution from power plant cooling. Validation against 1980–2010 data shows the model robustly represents monthly average streamflow and water temperatures.

The document analyzes ethanol fuel transitions in Brazil, Malawi, and Sweden, treating them as pioneer countries. It examines how these nations developed physical and institutional infrastructure through the interaction of niche, regime, and landscape levels, while considering spatial and temporal path dependencies.

The article analyzes how Brazil, South Africa, India, and China formed the BASIC group to coordinate on climate change and seek alternative growth pathways due to the realization that global resources are insufficient to replicate the development models of industrialized nations.