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Turkey has developed a significant battery project pipeline of 33 GW due to regulations requiring new wind and solar plants to include storage. However, these projects average a storage duration of 1.1 hours, which is lower than the global average of 2.5 hours seen in 2025. While 208 MW were commissioned by February 2026, the pipeline is expected to diminish starting in 2026 as plants enter service or licenses are cancelled.

Turkey's coal-fired power generation reached 121 TWh in 2025, with imported coal accounting for approximately two-thirds of production due to higher capacity factors. While no new plants have been commissioned since 2022, a purchase guarantee for domestic coal plants announced in September 2025—offering 75 USD/MWh from 2026 to 2029—is expected to increase capacity utilization and potentially push coal generation to new records before a decline after 2030.

In 2025, wind and solar energy reached a record 22% of Türkiye's electricity generation, though coal remained the largest source at 34%. While the country has a massive 33 GW battery project pipeline that exceeds any single EU nation, it still trails European averages for renewable energy share. Persistent drought has significantly reduced hydroelectric output, increasing reliance on natural gas imports by an estimated $1.8 billion annually. A new purchase guarantee for domestic coal plants starting in 2026 may further increase coal generation, potentially contradicting the country's 2035 target of 120 GW of wind and solar capacity.

Türkiye aims for 120 GW of wind and solar capacity by 2035, requiring an annual addition of 8 GW. The primary obstacle is limited grid capacity, which necessitates an estimated $28 billion in additional investment. The report recommends resolving permitting bottlenecks for 33 GW of storage-integrated projects, diversifying energy sources through floating solar and offshore wind auctions, and leveraging regional interconnections to enhance grid flexibility. It also highlights a policy contradiction in the $8.7 billion purchase guarantee for domestic coal plants, which may hinder renewable goals and system stability.

The report examines the 'electrotech fast-track' for 74 Climate Vulnerable Forum (CVF) nations, arguing that rapid cost declines in solar, batteries, and electric end-use technologies allow these countries to bypass the 'fossil detour'. It highlights that 46% of CVF nations, by electricity demand, have already surpassed the US in solar penetration. The document details how solar is now less capital-intensive than fossil fuels and how decentralized solar-battery systems are becoming cheaper than grid extension for remote areas. It further argues that transitioning to electrotech reduces the $155 billion annual fossil fuel import drain and leverages CVF nations' strategic assets in critical minerals and manufacturing to gain geopolitical influence.

Ember's analysis reveals a significant gap between planned renewable energy expansion and available grid capacity in Europe, with at least 120 GW of projects at risk. While some distribution grids can support household electrification, transmission bottlenecks threaten large-scale wind and solar projects, particularly in countries like Austria, Bulgaria, and Poland. The report advocates for 'non-wire solutions' and administrative reforms to unlock capacity and ensure energy security.

The document examines how reliance on imported oil and liquefied natural gas (LNG) exposes Asian economies to price shocks and supply disruptions, particularly those stemming from conflicts in the Middle East. It analyzes the economic impacts on countries like Singapore, Thailand, and Japan, highlighting how fuel price volatility drives inflation and weakens currencies. The report argues that returning to coal as a short-term fallback is economically and environmentally risky compared to renewables. It recommends investing in regional connected grids and clean technology supply chains to build long-term resilience and energy security.

Solar growth in South Asia is reducing the power sector's exposure to global fossil fuel price shocks, though the pace varies by country. In Pakistan, rooftop solar generation grew from 7.7 TWh in 2022 to 36.6 TWh in 2025, saving an estimated USD 12 billion in LNG imports. In contrast, Bangladesh increased its reliance on coal, with generation rising from 7.87 TWh to 30.06 TWh between 2022 and 2025. While the power sector is diversifying, the region remains highly dependent on imported oil and gas for transport and industry. The report suggests that electrifying these end-uses and expanding regional electricity trade—with India as a hub—are essential to further cutting import costs and improving energy security.

The report highlights the systemic risks of fossil fuel dependency, noting that three-quarters of the global population live in importing countries that spent $1.7 trillion on imports in 2024. It argues that the current crisis in the Middle East, particularly the closure of the Strait of Hormuz, serves as a catalyst for Asia to transition to electric technologies. The document asserts that scaling EVs, solar, wind, and heat pumps could reduce fossil fuel import bills by approximately 70%, with EVs already displacing 1.7 million barrels of oil per day in 2025.

A conflict in the Middle East involving Israel, the US, and Iran has caused global fossil fuel supply disruptions, leading to a nearly 50% increase in European gas prices in early March 2026. The briefing highlights that the EU's fossil import bill rose by an estimated €2.5 billion in the first ten days of the crisis. It argues that countries with high gas reliance for electricity, such as Italy, are most exposed to price spikes, while those that have decoupled gas from electricity prices, like Spain, are more resilient. The author contends that electricity market reforms or removing carbon costs (EU-ETS) are less effective than investing in renewables and clean flexibility to ensure long-term energy security.

A conflict in the Middle East in March 2026 caused European gas prices to spike by nearly 50%, increasing the EU's fossil import bill by €2.5 billion in ten days. The report highlights that countries with lower gas reliance, such as Spain, are more insulated from electricity price hikes than gas-heavy markets like Italy. It argues against suspending carbon costs under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, noting that gas volatility has a far greater impact on bills than carbon pricing.

In 2025, renewable energy reduced annual household electricity bills in Türkiye by an average of 9%, with some monthly savings reaching 17%. While renewables lowered wholesale prices by up to 45%, the full benefit is not passed to consumers due to regulated tariff structures and the lack of hourly demand-side management for residential users. The report suggests that implementing demand-side management could double annual household savings to 15.7%, and removing the zero-price floor to allow negative pricing would further lower costs.

In 2025, renewable energy reduced annual electricity bills for households in Türkiye by an average of 9%, with some monthly savings reaching 17%. While renewables lowered wholesale electricity prices by up to 45%, the benefit to end-consumers is limited by a regulated tariff structure. The report highlights that 2.5 million households are expected to transition to the non-subsidized Last Resort Supply Tariff (LRST) in 2026, potentially doubling their bills, though renewable growth may mitigate this. Additionally, implementing hourly demand-side management could increase annual household savings to 15.7%, equivalent to two months of bills.

The report examines the risks of AI integration in the ASEAN power sector, highlighting data limitations, regulatory uncertainty, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities. It argues that while AI is a 'low-hanging fruit' for accelerating the energy transition, its success depends on strengthening data foundations, updating grid codes, and building AI-ready workforces through phased roll-outs and 'AI sandboxes'.

The document examines the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in overcoming the technical challenges of integrating variable renewable energy (VRE) in Southeast Asia. It highlights five commercially proven AI applications: improving forecast accuracy to reduce reserve needs, enabling predictive maintenance to extend asset life, optimising dispatch to lower balancing costs, providing real-time control for grid security, and supporting dynamic line rating (DLR) to increase transmission capacity. The report provides global case studies—including examples from Google DeepMind, Siemens, and various utilities in the US, UK, and Belgium—to demonstrate how AI can reduce operational costs, curtailment, and carbon footprints while enhancing the reliability of power grids facing high VRE penetration.

The report argues that AI can significantly accelerate the energy transition in ASEAN by managing the complexity of rising variable renewable energy (VRE) shares. It identifies five key AI applications—forecasting, predictive maintenance, dispatch optimisation, real-time control, and dynamic line rating—that can reduce operational costs and emissions. While ASEAN shows strong digital readiness, current AI adoption is fragmented and pilot-based. The report estimates that widespread AI adoption could save up to $67 billion and reduce nearly 400 million tonnes of CO2 by 2035, provided that regulatory, data, and cybersecurity challenges are addressed.

This report finds that widespread AI adoption in ASEAN power systems could deliver up to $67 billion in cumulative cost savings and reduce nearly 400 million tonnes of CO2 by 2035.

Ember argues that large-scale biomass power is incompatible with UK carbon budgets due to high emissions and import reliance. It recommends capping generation at Drax and Lynemouth, shifting to domestic feedstock, and scaling up low-carbon alternatives like wind, solar, and batteries.

The authors argue that traditional 'primary energy' accounting is flawed because it ignores energy quality and conversion losses, creating a 'primary energy fallacy'. By reframing the system from the consumer's perspective and focusing on 'flows' (change) rather than 'stocks' (totals), the paper identifies four 'battles' of the energy transition. It concludes that 'electrotech' is winning the battles for electron supply, useful work, and useful heat due to superior thermodynamic efficiency, which significantly reduces the total primary energy required to meet human development needs.

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