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This briefing describes the economic and environmental impacts of sugarcane mill expansion in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul between 2005 and 2012. Based on a study by INPUT researchers, the document highlights how the industry has reshaped local municipal economies, shifted land use from pasture to sugarcane, and contributed to a reduction in deforestation.

This research paper examines the local impacts of sugarcane and ethanol mill expansion in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, between 1999 and 2012. The study finds that the entry of these mills significantly boosts municipal GDP, employment, and wages, while creating positive productivity spillovers for other crops like corn and soybeans. However, this growth comes with a land-use shift that displaces cattle ranching. The authors attribute these gains to improved infrastructure, a more skilled labor force, and increased access to financial credit.

This research paper examines how recent regulatory changes in Brazil's transport infrastructure—specifically highways, railways, and ports—impact agricultural productivity. The authors argue that a general trend toward more complex regulation seeks to limit private profits, which in turn erodes investment incentives and operational efficiency, necessitating costly public subsidies.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative and PUC-Rio argues that regulatory inefficiencies in Brazil's road, rail, and port sectors have hindered infrastructure quality and agricultural productivity. It recommends shifting away from restrictive regulations and implicit subsidies toward a balanced public-private framework that ensures fair returns for investors and improves service quality.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative and PUC-Rio argues that Brazil's agricultural productivity is hindered by inefficient transport infrastructure and a volatile regulatory environment. The authors suggest that realigning incentives for private investors in the highway, rail, and port sectors is essential to unlock investment and reduce high transportation costs.

This executive summary describes a study by the Climate Policy Initiative and PUC-Rio on the economic and environmental impacts of sugarcane mill expansion in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The findings indicate that the arrival of these mills significantly restructured local municipal economies, increasing GDP, population, and tax revenues while shifting land use from pasture to sugarcane and reducing deforestation.

This research paper analyzes the drivers and socioeconomic impacts of agricultural expansion in the Matopiba region of Brazil between 1995 and 2012. The author finds that expansion was heavily concentrated in the Cerrado biome, driven by technological innovations in soil management and soy varieties. This shift led to significant increases in GDP per capita and improved access to basic consumer goods and electricity, though it had no significant effect on migration or educational investments.

The Energy Efficiency Enabling Initiative is a proposed private equity fund designed to mobilize private investment in energy efficiency, particularly in emerging economies, by using donor-backed concessional equity and risk mitigation instruments to address the current funding gap.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative evaluates the role of the Climate Investment Funds (CIF) within the evolving global climate finance landscape. It assesses the CIF's comparative advantage against other multilateral funds, such as the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF), and recommends maintaining the CIF's operations to bridge investment gaps and support the implementation of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs).

The Climate Policy Initiative and PUC-Rio propose that Brazil expand Rural Credit limits for producers who comply with the Forest Code or are formally regularizing their properties. This proposal aims to accelerate environmental compliance ahead of the government's 2018 plan, which only requires registration in the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR). Drawing on examples from the EU's CAP and the US's Regional Conservation Partnership Program, and citing a 15% reduction in Amazon deforestation following a 2008 Central Bank resolution, the authors argue that redirecting existing subsidies is a viable way to treat forest conservation as a public good without requiring new Treasury funds.

This report evaluates the role of the Climate Investment Funds (CIF) in the current climate finance landscape. It finds that the CIF provides a unique comparative advantage through its programmatic approach, high risk appetite for novel technologies, and strong partnership with Multilateral Development Banks. Despite the emergence of the Green Climate Fund, the report recommends maintaining the CIF to bridge investment gaps and maintain momentum for transformative climate activities in developing countries.

This research paper examines the relationship between property rights and the implementation of Brazil's 2012 Forest Code, analyzing how land ownership structures and administrative institutions influence landowner behavior and environmental outcomes.

This document is a flowchart detailing the environmental regularization process for rural properties of 4 fiscal modules or less under the Brazilian Forest Code, outlining requirements for Permanent Preservation Areas (APP), Legal Reserves, and restricted-use areas.

This document is a flowchart guideC guide detailing the environmental regularization process for rural properties larger than 4 fiscal modules under the Brazilian Forest Code. It outlines the decision paths for regularizing Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) and Legal Reserves (RL), distinguishing between preserved areas, consolidated areas (used for agriculture, livestock, and forestry), and areas of restricted use. The guide specifies various recovery methods, including natural regeneration, planting native or exotic species, and compensation mechanisms such as Environmental Reserve Quotes (CRA) or donations to public conservation units.

This document is a flowchart detailing the legal compliance and environmental regularization process for rural properties exceeding 4 fiscal modules in the state of Bahia, Brazil. It outlines the necessary documentation (CEFIR, PRA, PRAD), the criteria for treating consolidated areas based on 2008 and 2012 deadlines, and the available methods for recovering or compensating for Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) and Legal Reserves.

This document is a flowchart outlining the legal compliance process for rural properties of 4 fiscal modules or less in the state of Bahia, Brazil, focusing on environmental regularization, the Rural Environmental Registry (CEFIR), and the recovery of Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) and Legal Reserves.

This document is a compliance flowchart for rural properties of 4 fiscal modules or less, detailing the requirements for the regularization of Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) and Legal Forest Reserves under the Forest Code.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the relationship between regulation and capital availability for renewable energy expansion in Germany, focusing on how policy frameworks influence the investor mix and cost-efficiency of the energy transition.

This executive summary by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the role of payment security mechanisms in mitigating off-taker risk to attract foreign investment for India's renewable energy targets. It argues that current mechanisms are inadequate and lack transparency, and proposes a framework for the Indian government to better demonstrate risk coverage to investors.

This technical paper examines off-taker risk in India's renewable energy sector, specifically the risk that public sector distribution companies (DISCOMs) will fail to make timely payments. The authors propose a transparent methodological framework for government-sponsored payment security mechanisms (PSMs) to attract foreign investment, arguing that existing mechanisms lack transparency and adequate risk coverage.