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This fact sheet details a EUR234 million green bond issued by Bothwell Spain on December 19, 2019, to refinance solar photovoltaic projects.

A joint statement from the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and ClientEarth addressed to the European Commission, arguing that the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) is an obstacle to the EU's climate goals and requires fundamental redesign rather than cosmetic modernisation.

This guide by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the increasing trend of states terminating old-generation bilateral investment treaties (BITs) to reform investment regimes. It details the legal mechanisms for termination under international law, analyzes common termination and survival clauses, and provides recommendations for states on how to manage the extinction of these treaties and draft new ones.

This research paper examines Turkey's strategic efforts to expand its influence in North and East Africa to counter regional isolation and secure energy interests. It focuses on Turkey's military and political support for the Government of National Accord (GNA) in Libya, its diplomatic tensions with Greece, Cyprus, Egypt, and France over Mediterranean exclusive economic zones, and its broader 'Open to Africa' policy exemplified by its deep involvement in Somalia.

This report by Ember investigates the phenomenon of 'carbon leakage' where EU countries import electricity from non-EU countries that lack carbon pricing, effectively offshoring emissions to 'offshore carbon havens' like Turkey and Ukraine. The authors argue for the implementation of a Border Carbon Adjustment (BCA) on electricity imports to protect the integrity of EU climate policy and incentivize carbon pricing in neighboring states.

This report by Sandbag analyzes how the disparity in carbon pricing between the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) and its non-EU neighbors leads to 'carbon leakage,' where high-carbon electricity, primarily from coal, is imported into the EU. The authors argue that this undermines EU climate goals and incentivizes the continued use of coal in neighboring states. To combat this, the report proposes the implementation of a border carbon adjustment (BCA) specifically for electricity imports.

This policy brief examines the environmental and socio-economic 'spillovers' of the Argentina-EU soy supply chain, arguing that the externalization of consumption impacts to producer countries complicates the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It highlights how European consumption drives significant environmental degradation and social shifts in Argentina, calling for internationally coordinated governance and shared responsibility to mitigate these negative effects.

This policy brief examines the 'spillover effects' of the Argentine soybean value chain, specifically how consumption in Europe and China externalizes environmental and socioeconomic impacts to Argentina, thereby affecting the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

This report applies the Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) methodology to evaluate ecological restoration options for South-West Beira Lake in Colombo, Sri Lanka, focusing on the economic impacts on property values and recreational spending.

This report by Sandbag analyzes the significant decline in coal-fired electricity generation across the European Union during the first half of 2019, attributing the collapse to the rise of renewables, carbon pricing driving a switch to natural gas, and plant closures.

This fact sheet from the Climate Bonds Initiative details a EUR140 million (USD157 million) green bond issued by European Energy A/S on June 20, 2019, to fund renewable energy projects and refinance existing debt.

This report by Climate Action Network (CAN) Europe and Sandbag analyzes the draft National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs) of 21 EU Member States that use coal for electricity. It finds that the EU is on track to miss the goal of stopping coal use by 2030 to limit global warming to 1.5°C, with 60 GW of capacity projected to remain in 2030.

This briefing from the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) Directorate presents the Core Budget and country contribution requests for the 2019-2020 fiscal year and a preliminary request for 2020-2022. The document outlines efforts to streamline administrative processes, updates on staff recruitment for a Director of Science, and a request for Parties to consider voluntary increases in contributions to alleviate operational strain.

This document presents the operating budget request and country contributions for the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) for the 2019-2020 fiscal year, as well as a preliminary request for 2020-2022. It details staffing changes, administrative updates, and a request for voluntary contribution increases to alleviate financial pressure caused by payment delays.

This report from the Executive Council (EC) of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) outlines the council's activities and recommendations ahead of the 27th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP-27) in Brasilia, Brazil. The EC provides guidance on the IAI Strategic Plan, the election rules for the Science and Policy Advisory Committee, and the establishment of flexible funding mechanisms for global change projects in the Americas.

This report from the Chair of the Executive Council (EC) of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) outlines the EC's activities and recommendations ahead of the 27th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP-27) in Brasilia, Brazil.

This report analyzes the increase in irregular migration from the Maghreb region to Europe, noting a shift from the region acting as a transit zone to becoming a primary zone of departure. The author argues that domestic economic decline and structural inequality are driving this trend, which in turn complicates diplomatic migration agreements between North African states and European nations.

This policy brief argues that the European Union's focus on reducing irregular migration from Libya through short-term operational successes undermines the long-term goal of establishing a stable, accountable, and civilian-led security sector in Libya.

This briefing from the Stockholm Environment Institute discusses the 'production gap'—the divergence between planned fossil fuel production and the levels consistent with Paris Agreement temperature goals. It argues that supply-side policies, such as production limits and subsidy removals, are essential to avoid carbon lock-in and achieve cost-effective emission reductions.

The Allianz Climate and Energy Monitor 2018 evaluates G20 member states based on their attractiveness for low-carbon electricity infrastructure investments and their alignment with the Paris Agreement's temperature limits. The report finds that while France currently leads in investment attractiveness for renewables, no G20 country serves as a complete role model, and most lack the binding long-term strategies necessary to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.