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This research paper compares the electric vehicle (EV) policies of the United States and China, focusing on financial incentives, charging infrastructure, research and development, and fleet procurement. It highlights China's more aggressive approach to subsidies and mandates compared to the U.S. system of tax credits and state-level incentives.

This pre-issuance verification letter, authored by Sustainalytics in October 2018, confirms that the green bond intended for issuance by Industrial Bank Co. conforms with the Wind Energy, Solar Energy, and Low Carbon Transport Criteria of the Climate Bonds Standard Version 2.1.

This briefing by RMI analyzes China's 'energy quota' for buildings—the Standard for Energy Consumption of Civil Buildings (GB/T51161-2016)—and identifies three primary lessons for U.S. cities and companies: the importance of meter-based peer assessment, the challenges of aligning operational targets with design codes, and the benefits of localizing performance targets to account for regional market dynamics.

This fact sheet from the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) outlines the evolution of China-Africa relations, tracing them from historical ties to contemporary economic, diplomatic, and security partnerships. It highlights the role of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) and the shift in China's approach from 'non-interference' to active engagement in peace and security, while noting the impact of China's 'new normal' economic slowdown on bilateral trade and investment.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute analyzes international practices for Low Emission Zones (LEZ) and Congestion Charging (CC), focusing on case studies from London, Singapore, and Stockholm to provide recommendations for Chinese cities facing severe air pollution and traffic congestion.

This briefing from the International Institute for Sustainable Development examines strategies to build climate-resilient urban food systems, focusing on the cities of Calgary and Edmonton. It argues that strengthening local food production and diversifying supply chains can mitigate risks posed by extreme weather and global supply shocks.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) analyzes coal phase-out experiences in California, Denmark, France, and Beijing to derive lessons for China's national energy transition. Using a "window of opportunity" framework, it examines how context, champions, concerns, and complementary policies drive the shift from coal to cleaner energy sources.

This study by the International Institute for Sustainable Development explores the potential for 'policy crediting'—crediting emission reductions resulting from policy actions—to enhance the impact of energy pricing reform and carbon pricing policies, particularly in developing countries.

This report evaluates China's 2010 reform of residential electricity pricing, which transitioned from a flat-rate system to a tiered electricity pricing (TEP) mechanism. The reform aimed to improve energy efficiency, reduce environmental pollution, and address the regressive nature of flat subsidies that disproportionately benefited high-income households. While the central government set general principles, provincial governments designed specific price ladders and volume blocks. The report analyzes the impacts on different income groups, the role of grid companies, and the challenges of public communication and operational feasibility.

This briefing outlines key insights and guiding principles for improving air quality in China, developed during a September 2014 workshop in Beijing. It proposes a framework based on ten guiding principles, fiscal policy alignment, robust management systems, full enforcement of laws, and targeted sectoral policies to reduce both air pollutants and greenhouse gases.

This synthesis report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the transition of China's industrial development zones (IDZs) toward a low-carbon, resource-efficient economy. It analyzes the impact of emerging policy levers, such as carbon trading and eco-industrial certifications, on business competitiveness. The report highlights a shift from command-and-control regulations to market-based instruments and provides recommendations for improving carbon management, energy self-supply, and technical capacity building for enterprises.

This report analyzes three national-level pilot programs in China designed to promote low-carbon and eco-efficient industrial parks: the Eco-Industrial Park (EIP) demonstration project, the Circular Transformation of Industrial Parks (CTIP), and the Low-Carbon Industrial Park pilot project. It examines their management structures, certification procedures, and performance indicators, noting that while these programs are voluntary, they provide significant incentives through official naming, certificates, and financial subsidies.

This case study examines the restoration of the Loess Plateau in north-central China between 1994 and 2005. The initiative, involving the Chinese government and the World Bank, focused on curbing soil erosion and improving food security through terracing, afforestation, and the 'Grain for Green' program. While the project achieved significant reductions in sediment runoff and increased per capita grain output, the document highlights long-term sustainability challenges related to species selection, water shortages, and the reliance on government subsidies.

The World Resources Institute (WRI) submitted this 2014 Investor CDP Information Request detailing its internal climate change management, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the reporting period of October 1, 2012, to September 30, 2013, and its strategies for operational sustainability.

This policy briefing examines the evolving governance-based relationship between China and South Sudan, arguing that the ability of both nations to move beyond oil-centric ties depends on overcoming administrative capacity gaps and establishing formal institutional mechanisms for development finance.

This executive summary examines Environmental Fiscal Reform (EFR) as a mechanism to fund renewable energy deployment in China. By analyzing eight international case studies, the report explores how environmental taxes and carbon trading can generate revenue for green energy while mitigating impacts on economic growth and competitiveness. It specifically discusses the role of earmarking revenues to increase transparency and investor confidence, while noting the political and economic challenges of implementing such measures within the Chinese context.

This briefing describes a workshop and project phase conducted by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and the Low Carbon Promotion Center of the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA) in August 2013. The initiative focuses on using low-carbon standards to develop competitive green enterprises within economic and technological development zones in China.

This briefing reports on a roundtable workshop held in Beijing on April 24, 2013, convened by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and the Global Environmental Institute (GEI). The event brought together representatives from the Chinese government, academia, and enterprises to discuss reforming the international investment treaty framework to better balance investor protections with the policy space of host states and the goals of sustainable development.

This issue brief analyzes China's clean power sector, detailing its massive growth in electricity capacity, its continued heavy reliance on coal, and the government's strategic shift toward renewable energy and emissions controls under the 12th Five Year Plan.

This policy brief examines the Technology Mechanism established under the UNFCCC's Cancún Agreements, analyzing its potential to facilitate the development and transfer of climate technologies to developing countries. The authors argue for a systemic approach to innovation that balances 'push' and 'pull' factors, recommends the use of cooperative research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) programs, and emphasizes the need for dedicated funding windows within the Green Climate Fund to overcome financial barriers like the 'valley of death'.