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This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development examines the potential for reforming liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) subsidies in Indonesia. It argues that current subsidies are a budget drain and socially inefficient, primarily benefiting wealthier citizens. The document provides case studies from other emerging economies to demonstrate that crises can be opportunities for fossil fuel pricing reform and offers four specific recommendations for the Indonesian government to implement a closed distribution system for LPG subsidies.

This report evaluates the distribution of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) subsidies in the Indian state of Jharkhand and tests policy options to improve targeting. Using survey data from 960 households, the study finds that current subsidies are highly regressive, with a disproportionate share of benefits accruing to wealthier households due to their higher consumption rates. The report tests two targeting strategies—volumetric limits and differential subsidies for Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) beneficiaries—but finds that neither significantly improves subsidy incidence, though volumetric targeting does reduce overall government expenditure.

This report advocates for the regulation of fossil fuels to combat air pollution and climate change by applying lessons learned from tobacco control strategies. It emphasizes the health impacts of fossil fuel combustion and proposes a framework for government intervention and just transitions.

This briefing provides a preliminary analysis of consumer fossil fuel subsidies in Saskatchewan, estimating their value in 2015 and discussing the impact of these subsidies on climate goals and G7 targets.

This report evaluates China's 2010 reform of residential electricity pricing, which transitioned from a flat-rate system to a tiered electricity pricing (TEP) mechanism. The reform aimed to improve energy efficiency, reduce environmental pollution, and address the regressive nature of flat subsidies that disproportionately benefited high-income households. While the central government set general principles, provincial governments designed specific price ladders and volume blocks. The report analyzes the impacts on different income groups, the role of grid companies, and the challenges of public communication and operational feasibility.