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This executive summary describes an assessment framework and initial report designed to monitor progress toward the 10 goals of the New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF), signed in September 2014. The document evaluates early achievements and identifies significant data gaps, concluding that while some initiatives have launched, overall progress toward halting natural forest loss and restoring degraded lands remains slow.

This guide, published by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) in May 2015, provides practical instructions and a structural model for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS) to prepare their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

This briefing by the NewClimate Institute examines the feasibility, timing, and technical requirements for phasing out net global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to meet the 2°C temperature target. It defines 'net phase out' as the point where anthropogenic emissions are equal to or smaller than anthropogenic removals, and discusses the role of carbon budgets, renewable energy, and specific sectoral challenges.

This research paper examines the potential for parties to the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by reforming fossil-fuel subsidies, utilizing the Global Subsidies Initiative – Integrated Fiscal model (GSI–IF model) for country-specific estimates.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute outlines proposed options for the design of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction offers within the 2015 UNFCCC climate change agreement, focusing on balancing national ownership with multilateral coherence to limit global temperature rise to 2°C.

This research paper quantifies the potential for urban areas to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions, arguing that city-scale actions in sectors like urban planning and public transport can help close the gap toward a 2°C global temperature target.

This briefing paper evaluates three global mitigation pathways—the 1.5°C marker, the 2°C marker, and the G8 marker—against the carbon budgets provided in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report to determine their likelihood of limiting global surface temperature increases to 2°C by the end of the century.

The executive summary of 'The Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2013' reports that global climate finance flows have plateaued at USD 359 billion, a figure significantly lower than estimated investment needs. The document emphasizes that public policies and resources act as the 'engine room' of the system, necessary to reduce risks and costs to attract private capital, which is essential for scaling low-carbon and climate-resilient growth.

This research paper examines the persistence of the discourse linking women to the environment in climate change and sustainable development agendas, despite long-standing criticisms of these associations.

This executive summary by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) examines the potential for institutional investors—such as pension funds and insurance companies—to fund renewable energy infrastructure. It identifies three primary investment channels and analyzes the policy, regulatory, and institutional barriers that prevent these investors from lowering the cost of capital for renewable energy projects.

This research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the intersection of global ageing and environmental change, arguing that social dimensions must be integrated into adaptation planning to address the unique challenges older people face due to variable climate and weather patterns.

This executive summary, produced by the Climate Policy Initiative for the San Giorgio Group, analyzes the gaps between the demand for and supply of risk mitigation instruments in low-carbon and climate-resilient investments. It identifies significant bottlenecks in financing and policy risk coverage across both developed and developing markets and evaluates the potential of first-loss protection and policy risk insurance to bridge these gaps.

This text provides an overview of Chapter 16, 'Scenarios and Sustainability Transformation,' from the United Nations Environment Programme's (UNEP) Global Environmental Outlook (GEO)-5. The chapter utilizes goals and thresholds from international agreements and publications to identify unsustainable trends and proposes necessary measures for a sustainability transformation.

This 2012 report by the Climate Policy Initiative examines how public policies and financial injections can mitigate risks to attract private investment in green infrastructure. Through case studies in the UK, Tunisia, and Morocco, it argues that well-articulated policies and innovative risk-mitigation instruments (like first-loss protection and policy risk insurance) are essential to overcome the inertia of 'plain vanilla finance.' The report highlights the critical role of National Development Banks in emerging economies, noting that China, Brazil, and India were the largest recipients of mitigation-directed climate finance in 2011.

This research paper outlines the necessity of a fundamental transformation of the global energy system to address interconnected challenges including high consumption, lack of energy access, climate change, air pollution, and energy security.

This research paper introduces a hybrid "EZ-DICE" model that implements Epstein-Zin recursive utility into the Dynamic Integrated Climate-Economy (DICE) model. The authors aim to separate risk aversion from time preference, a conflation present in standard expected-utility frameworks that often leads to a perverse relationship where higher risk aversion implies less concern for future outcomes.

A research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute evaluates emission control measures for tropospheric ozone and black carbon to mitigate near-term climate change while improving public health and food security.

The Maastricht Principles on Extraterritorial Obligations of States in the area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, adopted on 28 September 2011 by a group of international law and human rights experts, clarify the obligations of States to respect, protect, and fulfil economic, social, and cultural rights beyond their own borders. The document establishes that States are responsible for acts or omissions that have foreseeable effects on human rights extraterritorially and outlines the duties of States to regulate non-State actors, such as corporations, and to cooperate internationally to create an enabling environment for the universal realization of these rights.

This research paper describes the integration of McKinsey & Company's marginal abatement cost (MAC) data into the Climate and Regional Economics of Development (CRED) model. To maintain model realism, the authors treated negative-cost abatement opportunities as near-zero positive costs. The resulting estimates suggest that emission reductions may be cheaper than many integrated assessment models (IAMs) project. Specifically, CRED's projections for 2030 are significantly lower than those of the RICE and EMF-22 models, though they align more closely with the MIT EPPA model for developed nations.

This report examines the discrepancies in economic simulations regarding the welfare gains of multilateral trade liberalization, specifically focusing on the shift from optimistic early projections of the Doha Round to more recent, smaller estimates for the global economy and developing countries.