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This report chapter examines the challenges of grid connection capacity for renewable energy projects in Turkey and globally, highlighting how infrastructure limitations, economic risks, and procedural inefficiencies delay the energy transition.

This report by Ember outlines policy recommendations to unlock the potential of hybrid power plants in Türkiye, suggesting that straightforward regulatory changes could realize at least 8 GW of potential capacity.

The document outlines policy recommendations to unlock at least 8 GW of hybrid power plant potential in Turkey. Key proposals include removing capacity limits, eliminating the requirement for hybrid projects to be physically adjacent to the primary plant site, establishing clear numerical targets for 2053, and improving the transparency and accessibility of hybrid capacity data.

This report by Ember examines the development and performance of hybrid solar power plants in Türkiye, noting that while installed capacity remains low relative to overall solar growth, these systems significantly improve transmission line efficiency and energy production continuity, particularly when paired with wind and hydroelectric resources.

An analysis of hybrid solar potential in Türkiye indicates that adding solar capacity to existing wind and hydroelectric sites could add between 8 GW and 25.6 GW of capacity, potentially making solar the largest energy source by installed capacity in the country.

This report by Ember analyses how hybrid solar power plants—which share transmission lines with existing wind and hydroelectric facilities—can overcome grid connection constraints in Türkiye. It estimates a baseline potential of 8 GW of hybrid solar capacity, which could increase Türkiye's total solar capacity to 30 GW, making it the country's largest energy source by installed capacity.

This informal input paper, prepared for the G20 Working Group on Trade and Investment by the African Future Policies Hub, Lead-IT, and the World Resources Institute, advocates for a shift from nationalistic green industrial policies toward "cooperative green competitiveness." The report outlines strategies for inclusive green industrialisation, emphasizing the role of industrial clusters, regional cooperation, and reformed climate finance to ensure developing countries are integrated into global green value chains without repeating past patterns of resource exploitation.

The Boom and Bust Coal 2025 report by Global Energy Monitor analyzes global coal power capacity trends in 2024, highlighting a divergence between accelerating retirements in Europe and continued large-scale expansion in China and India.

The Türkiye Electricity Review 2025 reports that wind and solar power permanently overtook domestic coal generation in 2024, exceeding domestic coal's historic peak. While the total share of fossil fuels reached its lowest level since 1993, electricity demand growth continues to outpace the deployment of renewables.

The 'Türkiye Elektrik Görünümü 2025' report by Ember analyzes Turkey's electricity production and consumption for 2024, highlighting a pivotal shift where wind and solar generation surpassed domestic coal for the first time. While solar energy saw record growth, the report notes that the expansion of renewables is not yet keeping pace with rising electricity demand, which is increasingly driven by cooling needs during extreme heatwaves. The document also evaluates Turkey's new 2035 capacity targets and provides policy recommendations to overcome grid connection constraints.

The Türkiye Electricity Review 2025 by Ember analyzes Türkiye's electricity generation and consumption in 2024, highlighting a historic shift where wind and solar power permanently overtook domestic coal generation. While solar power saw record growth, the report notes that renewable deployment is still being outpaced by rising electricity demand, which is driven largely by record high temperatures and cooling needs.

This report by Ember analyzes renewable power capacity in the Mediterranean region, comparing current trends and national targets against the TeraMed Initiative's goal of 1 TW by 2030. It finds that while renewable capacity has already surpassed fossil fuel capacity and is projected to double by 2030, significant acceleration in deployment is required to meet the 1 TW target.

This report by Global Energy Monitor and its partners analyzes global coal power trends in 2024, highlighting a contradiction between record-low new capacity additions globally and record-high construction starts in China and high proposal volumes in India. It specifically examines the strategies of South Korea and Japan to extend the life of coal plants through ammonia co-firing, arguing that these technologies are costly and inconsistent with the Paris Agreement's 1.5°C goal.

The 'Ascensão e Queda 2025' report by Global Energy Monitor and partners tracks the global coal power pipeline as of April 2025. It highlights a paradoxical year where the world saw the lowest amount of new coal capacity in twenty years, yet China and India reached record levels of construction starts and new proposals, respectively.

The April 2025 report "Boom and Bust Coal" by Global Energy Monitor and its partners analyzes global trends in coal-fired power generation. It highlights a global trend toward decommissioning coal plants, contrasted by record-breaking construction starts in China and new proposals in India. The report specifically details Russia's divergence from global trends through its continued planning and construction of new coal capacity to support regional energy demands and the domestic coal industry.

The 'Boom and Bust 2025 Global Coal Plant Tracker' report by Global Energy Monitor and partners analyzes global trends in coal-fired power generation for 2024. It highlights a divergence where coal capacity is declining in the EU, UK, and US, while China and India are seeing record levels of new construction and planning. The document specifically details Turkey's position as an OECD outlier that continues to increase coal-based electricity production despite a general decline in new project proposals.

The report 'Auge y caída del carbón 2025' by Global Energy Monitor analyzes global coal power trends in 2024, highlighting a record low in new capacity additions globally, despite significant construction surges in China and new proposals in India. It details the acceleration of coal phase-outs in the EU and the UK, while examining the persistence of coal subsidies in Brazil and the challenges of transitioning in other regions like Colombia and Southeast Asia.

The March 2025 Peace & Security Council Report analyzes critical instability in South Sudan and Sudan, the African Union's (AU) struggles to manage post-coup transitions in several member states, and the shortcomings of AU election observer missions in 2024. It calls for the Peace and Security Council (PSC) to adopt more risk-based, high-level engagement strategies and improve internal coordination to prevent the fragmentation of states and the entrenchment of military juntas.

Türkiye has rapidly expanded its solar energy capacity, doubling it in 2.5 years and surpassing its 2025 target ahead of schedule. While solar growth is accelerating, wind energy installations have slowed, though ambitious new 2035 targets and a significant pipeline of storage-integrated projects suggest potential for further transition.

The report by the Africa Policy Research Institute (APRI) analyzes the landscape of bilateral and multilateral agreements between African states and global powers to secure critical minerals essential for the green energy and digital transitions. It examines the strategies of twelve key actors—including China, Russia, the EU, and the US—highlighting a trend toward resource diplomacy driven by national security concerns and the need to diversify supply chains away from dominant suppliers.