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This research paper provides a conceptual framework for UNFCCC Parties to define and measure progress toward the $100 billion climate finance commitment. It identifies five key variables—motivation, concessionality/source, causality, geographic origin, and recipient—and uses "onion diagrams" to map the level of political consensus for different types of financial flows. The paper also highlights critical accounting issues (such as committed vs. disbursed funds and nominal vs. subsidy costs) and the lack of a unified definition for "new and additional" finance, arguing that stakeholders should agree on principles before focusing on quantitative totals.

This fact sheet from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) examines the energy inefficiency and poor living conditions of approximately 2 million mobile homes built before 1976 in the United States. It argues that because these structures are in such disrepair, they cannot be weatherized and must be entirely replaced with energy-efficient units to reduce carbon footprints and utility costs for low-income residents.

The report evaluates Brazil's energy safety nets, finding that while Luz para Todos has nearly achieved universal rural electricity access and Tarifa Social supports basic consumption for the poorest, both require modifications to support higher energy needs. Bolsa Família's support for LPG is deemed inadequate due to non-earmarked funds and rising fuel costs, leading to a recent increase in traditional biomass use for cooking.