CANAIS DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DO CRÉDITO RURAL

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) and the Núcleo de Avaliação de Políticas Climáticas da PUC-Rio (NAPC), in partnership with the Banco Central do Brasil (Bacen), analyzes the distribution channels of rural credit in Brazil. The document argues that the current design of rural credit policy and its distribution through banks and cooperatives create artificial fluctuations and uncertainties for producers, as access to financing is often determined by the geographic presence of financial institutions rather than local agricultural potential.

• The distribution of rural credit in Brazil is characterized by a decentralized retail model where resources come from diverse sources, including banks, cooperatives, the BNDES, and the National Treasury. Each source imposes distinct financing conditions, such as interest rates and credit limits, meaning that the available credit may not always align with the specific needs of the producer.
• There is a significant geographic imbalance in the distribution of financial institutions. Banks and cooperatives are heavily concentrated in the South and Southeast regions, with 33% of all agencies located in state capitals. This results in limited access to credit for producers in the North and Northeast, where the availability of resources is often constrained by a lack of physical agencies rather than agricultural potential.
• A small number of financial institutions dominate the rural credit market. In the 2015/2016 agricultural year, Banco do Brasil was the primary actor, providing over half of all rural credit (R$ 85.2 billion). Together with Itaú and Bradesco, these three institutions accounted for nearly two-thirds of the total rural credit for that year.
• The sources of funding for rural credit vary drastically by institution, leading to inconsistent financing conditions across different regions. For example, Banco do Brasil relies heavily on Rural Savings (Poupança Rural), while Bradesco, Itaú, and Santander primarily use Mandatory Resources (Recursos Obrigatórios). Banco do Nordeste's loans originate almost entirely from the Northeast Constitutional Fund.
• Rural credit availability is subject to significant annual fluctuations and a complex array of programs. In the 2015/2016 agricultural year, there were 18 different programs (including Pronaf and Pronamp), and the number of these programs fluctuates yearly as they are frequently created and abolished.
• The document recommends simplifying the rural credit structure, the rules for providing credit, and the financing resources to reduce artificial fluctuations in credit availability and increase policy effectiveness, thereby promoting competition and better resource allocation.

APA

Souza, P., Assunção, J., & Figueiredo, B. (2018). CANAIS DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DO CRÉDITO RURAL. Climate Policy Initiative. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/CPI_Resumo_PT_-_Canais_de_distribuicao_de_credito_rural.pdf

Chicago

Souza, Priscila, Juliano Assunção, and Beatriz Figueiredo. CANAIS DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DO CRÉDITO RURAL. Climate Policy Initiative, 2018. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/CPI_Resumo_PT_-_Canais_de_distribuicao_de_credito_rural.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Souza |first1=Priscila |last2=Assunção |first2=Juliano |last3=Figueiredo |first3=Beatriz |title=CANAIS DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DO CRÉDITO RURAL |publisher=Climate Policy Initiative |date=February 2018 |url=https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/CPI_Resumo_PT_-_Canais_de_distribuicao_de_credito_rural.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{souza2018canais, author = {Souza, Priscila and Assunção, Juliano and Figueiredo, Beatriz}, title = {{CANAIS DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DO CRÉDITO RURAL}}, institution = {Climate Policy Initiative}, year = {2018}, month = feb, url = {https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/CPI_Resumo_PT_-_Canais_de_distribuicao_de_credito_rural.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }