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The paper analyzes carbon embedded in China's trade using a Multi-Region Input-Output (MRIO) model. It finds that while China is a net exporter of embedded carbon, this is due to the overall carbon intensity of its economy rather than the specific composition of its exports. The author demonstrates that there is no correlation between revealed comparative advantage and carbon intensity in the Chinese economy. Consequently, the paper argues that border tax adjustments on carbon-intensive imports would have minimal impact on China's trade success and limited benefit for developed countries. Finally, it discusses the theoretical and practical implications of harmonized global carbon prices, suggesting they could enable developing countries to 'leapfrog' to cleaner technologies if supported by public investment.

CIEL advocates for an international treaty on copyright exceptions and limitations, specifically to benefit the disabled, libraries, and education. The organization supports the World Blind Union's proposed treaty to improve cross-border access for the visually impaired and promotes open-source standards, such as the DAISY Standard, to accelerate innovation. CIEL criticizes the current Secretariat survey for lacking empirical depth and argues that discussions on a new internet broadcasting agreement are premature due to the significant digital divide between industrialized and developing countries.

The report details a March 2009 workshop in Vancouver where 32 diverse Canadian stakeholders discussed the future of the Internet through the lens of sustainability. Participants analyzed four scenarios—government-regulated, unregulated market, VIPnet (elite-only), and Internet commons—to identify critical uncertainties and policy needs. Key recommendations include pursuing universal broadband access, integrating ICT into national greenhouse gas reduction strategies, and establishing a Canadian Internet Governance Forum. The report argues that Canada needs a more unified, holistic ICT policy function within the government to ensure the Internet serves human and environmental needs rather than just economic growth.

The report compares a Baseline scenario, where China's energy sector emissions grow to 18.9 GT by 2050, with a Deep Carbon Reduction Scenario (DCRS). The DCRS aims to reduce 2050 emissions to 1.9 GT by implementing aggressive energy efficiency, electrification of transport, large-scale renewable deployment, and carbon capture and storage (CCS) in the power sector. The analysis concludes that while technically possible, the DCRS requires the simultaneous and rapid implementation of all proposed measures to meet the 230 GT cumulative emissions budget.

The document is a participant list for the 16th IAI Conference of the Parties (CoP) Meeting, which took place in Bogotá, Colombia, on May 19-20, 2009. It identifies representatives from member countries, observers, lecturers, and IAI staff.

The report assesses the potential for linking regional and national emissions trading systems (ETS) to create a broader carbon market. It concludes that while an OECD-wide company-level market by 2015 is highly ambitious, linking serves as a critical bottom-up fallback option to top-down international regimes. The study identifies significant barriers to full bilateral linking, including divergent monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) provisions, differing offset eligibility, and a lack of consensus on carbon price levels. However, it suggests that unilateral links to international offset mechanisms and indirect links via credits are more likely in the short term.

The report assesses the potential for linking emissions trading schemes (ETS) globally, concluding that an OECD-wide company-level carbon market by 2015 is a "highly ambitious goal." It identifies that while the EU ETS seeks to be a nucleus for a global market, most emerging schemes prioritize domestic price control over full bilateral linking. The study highlights significant barriers to linkage, including divergent target stringencies, the use of intensity-based targets (notably in Canada), and different cost-containment measures like price caps. It distinguishes between unilateral links (one-way recognition), bilateral/multilateral links (mutual recognition), and indirect links (via common mechanisms like the CDM). The report also examines the legal complexities of such links, particularly the constraints on US state-level agreements and the EU's regulatory mandates. It suggests that a "bottom-up" process of linking regional markets could serve as a fallback if top-down international agreements, such as a Kyoto successor, fail.

The Bonn climate talks served as the first of six negotiating sessions in 2009 aimed at establishing a post-2012 climate regime. While the meetings produced no tangible results, they narrowed gaps between Parties on mitigation, adaptation, technology, and financing. Key tensions persist regarding the scale of emission reductions for developed countries, the role of the United States and China, and the governance of climate finance.

The document provides an overview of the Bonn climate talks, detailing progress and disputes across mitigation, adaptation, technology, and finance. It highlights the tension between 'top-down' and 'bottom-up' approaches to emission reductions and the critical role of the United States' renewed engagement ahead of the 2009 Copenhagen summit.

The document examines the functioning of the Kyoto Protocol's market mechanisms—the International Emissions Trading (IET), Joint Implementation (JI), and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)—and explores options for their expansion or replacement in a post-2012 framework. It discusses new proposals such as the Market Mechanism for Sustainable Development (MMSD), REDD, and sectoral CDM, while highlighting challenges regarding additionality, environmental integrity, and the equitable distribution of projects in developing countries.

The document argues that current adaptation funding is financially and technically inadequate, with a significant gap between the estimated USD 28–67 billion annual need for developing countries by 2030 and the limited disbursements from GEF-managed funds. It critiques the inefficiency of existing UNFCCC instruments and advocates for a consolidated, demand-driven financial mechanism based on equity and direct access for recipient countries.

The report assesses the risk of earthquakes, floods, tropical cyclones, landslides, droughts, tsunamis, and civil conflict in the Asia-Pacific region. It employs a semi-quantitative approach to map hazard hotspots and estimate exposed populations, using the latter as a proxy for risk due to data limitations on mortality. The study introduces a 'coping capacity' index to evaluate national institutional ability to manage disasters. Key findings highlight that Bangladesh and the Philippines face the highest overall risk, while the region's high population density in hazard-prone areas exacerbates potential losses. The report also notes a strong correlation between natural disasters and armed conflict, suggesting that improving disaster preparedness can simultaneously mitigate conflict hazards by enhancing state service delivery in marginalized areas.

The document evaluates the effectiveness of investment incentives for Indonesia's chemical sector, finding that market size is a more significant driver of investment than incentives. While the industry provides some infrastructure and indirect jobs, direct local employment is limited by education levels, and the sector remains the country's primary polluter, though foreign firms often show better environmental performance than domestic ones.

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The 3rd GIBSA Partners' Meeting, held in April 2009 in Tshwane, South Africa, brought together representatives from Germany, India, Brazil, and South Africa to discuss the emerging global political and economic order. Key discussions focused on the transition of power from West to East, the role of 'smart power' in international relations, and the challenges facing African states in exerting influence globally. The meeting also analyzed the rise of 'club governance' (such as the G20 and Heiligendamm Process) as a flexible alternative to traditional multilateral institutions like the IMF and World Bank, while emphasizing that Africa remains more of a 'field of action' than a proactive actor in international relations.

The report projects emissions for the EU, Japan, and other Annex I countries up to 2012 and 2020. It finds that while the EU ETS is likely to have a surplus of allowances up to 2012 at a price of €20/tCO2, the EU-15 and Japan will face overall deficits relative to their Kyoto targets. Conversely, Russia, Ukraine, and new EU member states are projected to have significant emission surpluses. Looking toward 2020, the EU ETS is expected to enter a deficit unless efficiency and renewables targets are met, suggesting a rise in carbon prices post-2012.

The document assesses the financial requirements for climate mitigation and adaptation in developing countries, noting that current public funding is insufficient. It details specific investment needs for 2030, analyzes existing funds like the GEF and Adaptation Fund, and examines various proposals for new revenue streams, including GDP-based levies, carbon market expansions, and international transport levies. The paper emphasizes the need for a structured approach to technology innovation and a predictable, grant-based system for adaptation.

The document analyzes the role of agriculture in global GHG mitigation and adaptation, highlighting that while the sector has a technical mitigation potential of 5.5 to 6 GtCO2e per year by 2030, progress is hindered by accounting complexities and non-permanence of soil carbon. It details Canada's domestic offset experiences, such as Alberta's tillage protocol, and argues for expanding the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) or creating new market mechanisms for sustainable development (MMSDs) to engage developing countries, where 70% of agricultural mitigation potential resides.

The report examines the history of nuclear power cost overruns and subsequent bailouts in the U.S., arguing that current federal loan guarantee programs under the Energy Policy Act of 2005 create significant risk for taxpayers. It highlights a pattern of underestimated construction costs and a lack of private financing interest, suggesting that the potential risk exposure to the government could reach $1.6 trillion depending on the number of plants built.

The document analyzes the 'Vietnam Peace' starting from 1989, attributing it to the Doi Moi reforms and a strategic shift in foreign policy toward 'making friends with everyone'. It examines external peace through Vietnam's integration into ASEAN, APEC, and the WTO, and internal 'civil peace' through the management of regional disparities, leadership succession, and ethnic minority tensions. The author argues that while economic growth and diplomatic reorientation have maintained stability, long-term sustainability depends on the transition toward a more democratic society and the broader stability of the US-Japan-China strategic triangle.