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This report analyzes the effectiveness of climate finance, identifying a significant gap in the tools and methodologies used to measure the impact of funding flows to developing countries. It evaluates practices across public finance, international financial institutions (IFIs), and market-based instruments, concluding that current project-based evaluations are insufficient for the scale of financing required to meet the Cancún Agreements' target of $100 billion per year by 2020.

This 2011 report by Friends of the Earth International documents global struggles to enforce community and Indigenous rights against corporate power. It highlights successful and ongoing resistance to mega-dams in Malaysia, mining in the Philippines and Costa Rica, and oil extraction in Nigeria and North America. The report also promotes community-based forest governance in Indonesia and Cameroon, and food sovereignty initiatives in Colombia and Uruguay, arguing that local, sustainable management of natural resources is a necessary alternative to the neoliberal corporate model.

This report by Friends of the Earth International (ATI) details global campaigns to defend community rights against corporate interests and neoliberal paradigms. It highlights various case studies where local and indigenous communities have resisted extractive industries, such as mining in Costa Rica and the Philippines, oil exploitation in Nigeria, and tar sands in Canada and the US, while promoting alternatives like community forest governance and food sovereignty.

This 2011 briefing by CDKN and ODI defines 'climate compatible development' as an integrated approach that combines climate mitigation, adaptation, and human development. It argues that policymakers must move beyond treating these as separate silos to achieve 'triple win' outcomes. The document outlines a new global development landscape shaped by climate risks and opportunities, providing examples from Guyana and Bolivia to illustrate how low-carbon and resilient strategies can be integrated into national planning.

This policy brief defines 'climate compatible development' as an integrated approach that minimizes climate-related damage while maximizing human development opportunities in a low-emission, resilient future. It argues that policymakers must move beyond treating adaptation, mitigation, and development as separate strategies to achieve 'triple wins'—simultaneous benefits in emissions reduction, climate resilience, and social development.

This guide by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) provides a framework for national planners and policymakers in developing countries to integrate 'green growth' into their strategic development planning. It emphasizes the use of economic tools to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability and social objectives, while highlighting the challenges of data scarcity and model transparency in developing contexts.

This guide by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) provides a framework for national planners and policymakers in developing countries to integrate 'green growth' into their economic development planning. It emphasizes that environmental and economic goals are not mutually exclusive and outlines the necessary competencies, planning stages, and economic tools required to transition toward a climate-compatible economy.

This policy brief examines the potential impact of Border Carbon Adjustments (BCAs) on exports from China, emphasizing that the level of exposure depends heavily on design details such as the products included, the applied CO2 price, and the method used to assess carbon content.

This guide by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) provides a framework for national planners and policy makers in developing countries to integrate 'green growth' into economic development planning. It emphasizes the use of economic tools to balance economic growth with environmental and social objectives, such as climate resilience and poverty reduction.

This guide by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) provides a framework for national planners and policymakers in developing countries to integrate "green growth" into economic planning. It emphasizes that green growth should balance economic development with climate resilience, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and the preservation of natural capital, while addressing social goals such as poverty reduction.

This report by Friends of the Earth International (FOEI) documents global struggles and achievements in building food sovereignty and protecting biodiversity. Through case studies from Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Europe, it highlights the conflict between industrial agricultural models—characterized by monocultures, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and land grabbing—and community-led agroecological practices. The document emphasizes the critical role of indigenous and peasant communities, particularly women, in conserving native seeds and managing forests to ensure sustainable local food systems.

This report by Friends of the Earth International (ATI) documents various community-led struggles and achievements in maintaining biodiversity and food sovereignty across different global territories. It highlights the conflict between industrial monocultures, corporate land grabbing, and traditional agroecological practices, advocating for a model of development that respects natural cycles and ancestral knowledge.

This report by Friends of the Earth International presents a collection of case studies from various global territories, illustrating the intersection between biodiversity and food sovereignty. It highlights the struggles of indigenous peoples, peasants, and urban populations against industrial monocultures, land grabbing, and genetic modification, while showcasing successful community-led models of agro-ecological production and sustainable forest management.

This research paper explores the technical and institutional challenges of establishing Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) systems for REDD+ in developing countries. It emphasizes the need for clear definitions of 'forest' and 'reference levels' (RL/REL), the utility of nested approaches to scale subnational efforts to national levels, and the critical role of capacity building and stakeholder involvement to ensure the credibility of carbon credits.

This research paper by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the role of safeguards and the pursuit of 'multiple benefits' within the REDD+ mechanism established by the Cancun Agreements. It explores how safeguard systems can move beyond a 'do no harm' approach to actively promote sustainable development, poverty alleviation, and biodiversity conservation. The document analyzes various international safeguard standards, reviews how developing countries are integrating these into their Readiness Preparation Proposals (R-PPs), and discusses the institutional and financial challenges of creating a transparent information-sharing system for monitoring compliance.

This policy brief examines the role of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia, which account for over 90% of enterprises and employment. It finds no strong evidence that trade liberalization or AFTA (1992) have negatively impacted these firms or significantly accelerated their exports. The document recommends that the Indonesian government improve vertical and horizontal coordination to provide SMEs with technical assistance, loans, and subcontracting opportunities with larger firms to boost innovation and competitiveness.

This report by Friends of the Earth International documents various community-led struggles and successes in maintaining biodiversity and food sovereignty across different global territories. It highlights the conflict between industrial agricultural models—characterized by monocultures, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and land grabbing—and traditional, agroecological practices that respect natural cycles and ancestral knowledge.

This research paper analyzes how the accounting of international greenhouse gas (GHG) offsets affects the integrity of global climate mitigation pledges. Using a spreadsheet model based on marginal abatement costs, the authors examine scenarios where offsets are either double-counted (credited to both the buyer and seller) or counted only for the buyer. The study finds that double-counting could significantly dilute the ambition of current pledges, potentially reducing global abatement by up to 1.6 billion tons of CO2e by 2020, thereby increasing the gap to meet 2°C warming targets.

This fact sheet summarizes the 'Reefs at Risk Revisited' report, a global map-based analysis of threats to coral reefs led by the World Resources Institute. It details the prevalence of local and global pressures, the socioeconomic vulnerability of coastal communities, and the effectiveness of current marine protected areas.

This briefing paper examines the proliferation and nature of South-South Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), analyzing whether agreements between developing countries differ from the traditional North-South templates. It concludes that while some developing nations are beginning to introduce bespoke provisions and policy exceptions, the majority of South-South BITs continue to mirror the European models established in the 1950s and 1960s.