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The report analyzes the EU power sector in 2020, highlighting a landmark moment where renewables generated 38% of electricity, overtaking fossil-fired generation for the first time. While coal generation saw a significant decline, the report notes that the transition speed remains insufficient to meet 2030 and 2050 climate targets, partly due to the persistence of gas generation and a record drop in nuclear output.

This report by Agora Energiewende and Ember analyzes the European power sector in 2020, highlighting a milestone where renewables overtook fossil fuels as the primary source of electricity for the first time in the EU.

This policy brief by the Institute for Security Studies examines the divergent approaches to migration between Africa and Europe, arguing for a shift from securitised responses toward a collaborative partnership focused on development, legal labour pathways, and the regularisation of remittances.

The Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) 2021 evaluates 57 of the world's highest greenhouse gas emitters, finding that no single country is currently on a path compliant with the Paris Agreement goals. While the European Union improved its ranking to 16th place, the report highlights a stark divide between leading nations and G20 members like the USA, Saudi Arabia, and Russia, who are rated 'very low'.

This report by Ember analyzes the National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs) of EU countries to assess the trajectory of the EU power sector toward 2030. It finds that while renewable energy is expected to grow, the EU is not on track to meet the European Commission's recommended 55% emissions reduction target due to slow fossil fuel phase-outs and insufficient wind and solar deployment, particularly in seven specific member states.

This Green Bond Fact Sheet details a EUR 100 million (USD 110 million) term loan issued by Wereldhave N.V. on April 23, 2020, with a maturity date of April 23, 2022. The proceeds are dedicated to green commercial buildings that meet specific BREEAM or EPBD energy performance standards.

Xior Student Housing issued a EUR100m (USD109m) green bond on 13-04-2020 to finance green buildings, renewable energy, energy efficiency, waste management, clean transport, and water management projects across Belgium, the Netherlands, Spain, and Portugal. The issuer is the second Belgian financial corporate to issue a green bond and has committed to annual allocation and impact reporting.

This report analyzes the evolving jurisprudence of UN human rights treaty bodies (HRTBs) from 2008 to 2019, concluding that States have legal obligations under human rights treaties to implement ambitious climate mitigation (including phasing out fossil fuels), ensure inclusive adaptation, and provide international cooperation. Key developments include a 2019 joint statement by five HRTBs and the Human Rights Committee's recognition that climate change threatens the right to life, potentially triggering non-refoulment obligations in deportation cases.

This fact sheet details a EUR 20 million green bond issued by Ghelamco Invest (Ghelamco Group) on January 21, 2020, to finance or refinance sustainable and energy-efficient real estate projects.

This report by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) and the Global Initiative for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (GI-ESCR) synthesizes the work of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) regarding climate change. It details the CRC's use of General Comments, the State reporting procedure, and the communications procedure to establish that States have legal obligations to protect children's rights—including the rights to life, health, and culture—against the impacts of global climate change.

This feasibility study evaluates the potential for implementing EuroPACE, an on-tax financing instrument for residential energy efficiency retrofits, across Belgium, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain. The report analyzes market barriers, existing national loan schemes, and case studies of successful programs in France (Oktave), Germany (KfW), and the Netherlands/UK (Energiesprong) to identify scalable models for deep retrofits.

This briefing note from the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) outlines recommendations for UNFCCC Parties at COP-25 to integrate human rights, gender equality, and participatory processes into climate action. It emphasizes the need for rights-based safeguards in Article 6 market mechanisms, the ratification of the Escazú Agreement, and the protection of indigenous peoples and local communities in adaptation and loss and damage frameworks.

This briefing note from the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) argues for the integration of procedural rights—specifically access to information, public participation, and access to justice—into climate governance and the implementation of the Paris Agreement. It highlights the roles of the Aarhus Convention and the Escazú Agreement in promoting environmental democracy and provides specific recommendations for the COP-25 agenda to ensure climate policies are inclusive, rights-based, and gender-responsive.

The New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF) Endorser Perspectives Report evaluates progress five years after the 2014 launch of the NYDF. Based on consultations with 84 endorsers, the report finds that while many commitments have been made, global deforestation has accelerated by 44% since 2014, and the world is not on track to meet its collective forest goals. The report identifies critical barriers—including weak governance, insufficient finance, and insecure land tenure—and outlines eight key lessons to transition from high-level commitments to measurable implementation.

This report evaluates the progress of the New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF) five years after its inception. It finds that despite increased awareness and technological monitoring, global deforestation has accelerated, and most 2020 targets will be missed. The document highlights a critical gap in funding, where investments driving deforestation vastly outweigh those for conservation. It emphasizes that indigenous land rights and strong political will are essential prerequisites for success, while corporate progress is stalled by supply chain complexity. The report calls for a paradigm shift toward 'green finance' and nature-based solutions to align forest protection with global climate and sustainable development goals.

This report by the Forest Declaration Assessment (UNDP) evaluates the progress of signatories of the New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF) five years after its 2014 launch. Based on consultations with 84 signatories—including governments, companies, NGOs, and indigenous organizations—the document identifies critical barriers to ending natural forest loss by 2030 and outlines eight key lessons to accelerate implementation. It emphasizes that while high-level commitments are numerous, measurable action is lagging, with tropical primary forest loss increasing by 44% between 2002-13 and the reporting period.

This fact sheet details a EUR 5.98 billion sovereign green bond issued by the State of the Netherlands on May 21, 2019, which is the first European sovereign green bond to receive Climate Bonds Certification and the first sovereign green bond with a AAA rating.

This briefing by the Climate Bonds Initiative outlines public sector green bond activity and policy developments during 2018. It details sovereign issuances, the creation of green bond market development toolkits for emerging markets, the European Union's progress toward a sustainable finance taxonomy, and the increasing role of central banks in managing climate-related financial risks.

The H1 2019 green bond market report by the Climate Bonds Initiative highlights HSBC as the leading global and emerging market underwriter and Euronext Amsterdam as the top listing venue. It notes that sovereign green bonds often outperform vanilla equivalents in book cover and spread compression, and identifies Agency green MBS and Solar/PACE ABS as primary drivers of green ABS issuance.

This document is a draft of the Strategic Plan for the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), presented as a notification to member Parties on November 27, 2018. The plan outlines a long-term vision for 2019–2044, aiming to bridge the gap between science and policy to foster a sustainable American continent through interdisciplinary research, capacity building, and open data.