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The document details Colombia's participation in the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), highlighting its involvement in regional hydroclimatic and health-climate projects, the receipt of seed funding for research on climate and tropical forests, and the appointment of national representatives to scientific and indigenous advisory committees.

The report examines the severe biodiversity loss in Latin America and the Caribbean, highlighting phenomena like 'empty forest syndrome' and the 'reverse terraforming' caused by gold mining in the Amazon. It emphasizes the critical link between biodiversity and human well-being, citing the water crises in the Northern Andes due to páramo degradation and the role of soil organic matter in climate mitigation. The document advocates for 'inclusive conservation' that integrates Indigenous and local knowledge, arguing that Indigenous lands are essential for climate mitigation. It also analyzes the impact of global trade and 'telecoupling'—where demand for energy transition minerals like lithium in the Global North drives environmental degradation in the Andes—and calls for a sustainable blue economy and the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.

The document examines the socio-economic challenges of the energy transition in South Africa and Brazil, focusing on the gap between decarbonisation goals and the actual reskilling of vulnerable workforces. In South Africa, the transition is complicated by a heavy reliance on coal for electricity and high unemployment, while Brazil faces challenges in balancing its clean energy mix with high emissions from agriculture and deforestation. Both nations struggle with structural inequality and the need for robust social protection systems to ensure that the shift to green industries does not exacerbate existing poverty or exclude informal workers.

Mighty Earth's 2024 review highlights significant private sector shifts, including JBS dropping 705 suppliers linked to deforestation and the postponement of JBS's IPO due to climate concerns. The organization also focused on expanding plant-based protein offerings among major retailers, challenging biomass policies in Japan, and launching a rewilding initiative for mountain lions in the Eastern United States.

The document reports that human-induced warming of 1.3°C contributed to record-breaking temperatures, floods, and droughts in 2024, resulting in thousands of deaths and millions of displacements. It highlights that climate change added an average of 41 dangerous heat days globally and often overrode natural phenomena like El Niño. The report calls for a rapid transition from fossil fuels, improved early warning systems, real-time heat death reporting, and increased finance for developing countries to support adaptation.

The document explains that attribution science uses climate models and observational data to compare a world with human-induced warming to a fictional world without greenhouse gas emissions to determine the impact of climate change on specific weather events. It notes that 83% of such studies find a climate link and encourages journalists to explicitly connect these events to fossil fuel use and human vulnerability.

The research finds that 36% of subsidized rural credit in Brazil from 2020 to 2024 went to properties that deforested after 2009, with public banks and cooperatives providing 91% of this volume. It highlights a recurring pattern of deforestation both before and after credit is granted and argues for a complete dissociation of public financial incentives from any form of deforestation to meet Brazil's 2030 zero-deforestation target.

The document calls on New York Governor Kathy Hochul to sign the TREES Act, which would make New York the first U.S. state to require proof that state-purchased products do not drive deforestation. The author argues that this action is necessary to align state procurement with global markets and combat the climate catastrophe, especially as the European Union's similar deforestation regulation faces implementation delays.

The document evaluates four public-private partnership models for restoring Brazil's public lands: forestry concessions, ordinary tenders, common public service concessions, and Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). While forestry concessions are the current standard due to the Public Forest Management Law (LGFP), they are limited by strict contractual requirements and high risk for the private sector. The report suggests that ordinary tenders could be effective for planting in fully protected areas, while common concessions and PPPs could offer better risk-sharing and flexibility if forest restoration is legally classified as a public service. The authors recommend legally designating restoration as a public service, improving risk management training for public agencies, and creating a specialized entity to manage environmental assets like carbon credits.

Brazil has implemented a series of public policies, most notably the ABC and ABC+ (RenovAgro) plans, to reduce agricultural greenhouse gas emissions and increase resilience. While the original ABC Plan exceeded its 2010-2020 goals, the more ambitious ABC+ Plan aims to cover 72.68 million hectares by 2030. However, a significant gap remains in financing, with only 6.2% of rural credit in 2022/23 dedicated to low-carbon investments. Recent 2023 regulations have tightened credit access by requiring stricter environmental compliance across all biomes. The authors argue that achieving climate goals requires increased rural credit and improved monitoring and verification of technology adoption.

The document examines policy incoherence regarding deforestation in Colombia, highlighting how vested interests in mining and agriculture, institutional rigidity, and a lack of community involvement undermine conservation efforts. While most policies show positive interactions, current mining laws and military strategies like Operation Artemisa create significant trade-offs and social conflict.

The report finds that 36% of subsidized rural credit in Brazil between 2020 and 2024 was directed to properties that deforested after 2009. Public banks and credit cooperatives are the primary providers of this credit, with some institutions showing high levels of exposure to deforesting properties. The authors argue for a complete dissociation of subsidized credit from any form of deforestation to meet Brazil's 2030 climate goals.

The document evaluates four legal frameworks for public-private partnerships in forest restoration: forest concessions, common tenders, common public service concessions, and Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). While forest concessions are the current standard due to the Law on Public Forest Management (LGFP), the report argues that their rigid risk distribution and land category restrictions may hinder large-scale restoration. It proposes that common tenders are suitable for planting in strictly protected Conservation Units, while PPPs offer the most flexibility in risk sharing and financial support, especially for security and monitoring in high-risk Amazonian regions. The report emphasizes the need to legally characterize restoration as a public service to enable these alternative models and stresses the necessity of socio-environmental safeguards for Traditional Peoples and Communities.

The document assesses the gap between Colombia's robust policy frameworks for the 2030 Agenda and climate goals and their actual implementation, which is hindered by conflicting priorities and institutional weaknesses. It highlights that while most land-use policies are synergistic, specific conflicts—particularly within mining legislation—and the criminalization of peasant farmers through military operations like Operation Artemisa undermine conservation efforts. The authors argue that overcoming this incoherence requires better inter-agency coordination, community engagement, and regional cooperation within the Amazon biome.

Attribution studies in Brazil indicate that fossil fuel combustion increased the likelihood and intensity of recent floods in Rio Grande do Sul and droughts in the Amazon. Despite these impacts, the Brazilian government continues to support oil and gas expansion, with plans to increase oil production by 63% and gas by 124% by 2032. Petrobras, which controls over 90% of domestic production, is estimated to be responsible for USD 500 billion in climate damages between 2018 and 2023. While Brazil has pledged to reduce emissions by up to 67% by 2035 and has successfully increased wind and solar power to reduce reliance on hydropower, its overall climate policies are rated as 'Insufficient' by Climate Action Tracker.

The document analyzes the shift in Brazil's bioeconomy governance since 2023, highlighted by the creation of the National Bioeconomy Strategy and the National Bioeconomy Secretariat within the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MMA). It categorizes bioeconomy into three visions—biotechnological, bio-resources, and bio-ecological—noting that the current national strategy primarily aligns with the bio-ecological vision. The report details new regulatory frameworks such as the 'Fuel of the Future' law and various sustainable production programs, while mapping the transversal roles of multiple ministries (including MDIC, Fazenda, and MCTI) in coordinating the transition to a low-carbon economy.

The report examines the degradation of the Chiquitano Dry Forest due to agricultural expansion, deforestation, and intensifying forest fires, highlighting the risk of total forest disappearance by 2050 and the need for sustainable water management tools.

Mighty Earth argues that a new law in Mato Grosso, Brazil, which penalizes companies participating in the Soy Moratorium by restricting tax benefits, undermines efforts to prevent deforestation in the Amazon and Cerrado. The organization highlights that the Soy Moratorium, established in 2006, contributed to a 69% reduction in deforestation across 76 monitored municipalities between 2009 and 2022. The statement warns that this legislative move threatens corporate deforestation-free commitments and conflicts with international regulations like the EUDR.

The project achieved a 'Satisfactory' overall rating, successfully mobilizing over USD 20 million for conservation and signing a Single Memorandum of Understanding to align with the broader Peru Natural Legacy (PdP) initiative. Key successes include improving management effectiveness scores (METT) across four pilot areas and institutionalizing a gender approach within SERNANP. However, the project faced challenges from political instability, high personnel turnover, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which hindered the maintenance of conservation status in some areas and limited private sector engagement.

The report finds that while agrarian reform settlements occupy only 8% of the Amazon biome, they accounted for 24% of forest loss in 2023. Deforestation is highly concentrated, with 5% of settlements responsible for 65% of the deforested area between 2017 and 2023. Evidence suggests that large-scale clearing is driven by external actors rather than resident settlers, as the scale of deforestation is incompatible with family farming. The report recommends that INCRA, IBAMA, and the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change prioritize strategic interventions in these high-impact settlements and specific regional superintendencies, particularly those in Santarém, Amazonas, and Southern Pará.