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This research paper analyzes the role of green skills development and social protection in Brazil and South Africa as they pursue carbon neutrality by 2050. It compares South Africa's Just Energy Transition Partnership (JET-P) and its struggle with coal dependency and structural unemployment against Brazil's established renewable energy sector and its challenges with labor market informality. The paper argues that a just transition requires coordinated national strategies, robust investment in vocational training, and the integration of social protection programs with environmental sustainability goals.

This fact sheet from the Institute for Economic Justice argues that a Universal Basic Income Guarantee (UBIG) is a critical tool for South Africa to ensure a Just Energy Transition (JET), providing a financial safety net for workers and communities displaced by the shift from coal to renewable energy.

This factsheet by the Institute for Economic Justice argues that a universal basic income guarantee (UBIG) is a necessary component of a Just Energy Transition (JET) in South Africa. It posits that while targeted support for displaced workers is essential, a UBIG provides a foundational safety net for those indirectly affected by the shift from fossil fuels to clean energy, builds climate resilience against extreme weather, and facilitates the adoption of sustainable habits.

This fact sheet by the Institute for Economic Justice argues that food insecurity in South Africa is primarily a result of income poverty rather than food scarcity. It advocates for a Guaranteed Universal Basic Income (UBIG) to ensure all citizens can afford a nutritious diet, highlighting the severe health, social, and economic costs of malnutrition and the limitations of current targeted social grants.

This fact sheet from the Institute for Economic Justice argues that hunger and food insecurity in South Africa are primarily driven by a lack of income rather than a lack of food production. It proposes a Universal Basic Income Guarantee (UBIG) as a key mechanism to ensure all citizens can afford nutritious food, thereby breaking cycles of poverty and malnutrition.

This research paper by the South African Institute of International Affairs argues that African policymakers must integrate social protection policies into national climate responses to protect vulnerable populations. It examines both contributory mechanisms, such as weather-based index insurance via the African Risk Capacity, and non-contributory measures, such as Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Program, while emphasizing the need for increased financing from global funds to address climate-induced loss and damage.

This policy brief argues that social protection policies are essential for building climate resilience in Africa, where climate change threatens to push 130 million people into poverty. It highlights the role of the African Risk Capacity (ARC) for sovereign insurance and Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) as key examples of climate-responsive tools. The author emphasizes the need for increased funding from multilateral sources like the Loss and Damage Fund and the Green Climate Fund to bridge the financing gap for climate-induced economic damages.

This report by Krutham, commissioned by the African Climate Foundation, examines the role of the insurance sector in enhancing climate resilience in South Africa. It analyzes the physical and transition risks facing insurers, the gaps in national and municipal disaster risk financing, and the potential for innovative insurance products—such as index-based and microinsurance—to protect vulnerable populations and infrastructure.

A case study on Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP), a large-scale social protection initiative designed to address food insecurity and climate vulnerability through cash and food transfers.

This report by DNA Economics for the Institute for Economic Justice (IEJ) analyzes various progressive financing options to fund a Universal Basic Income Guarantee (UBIG) in South Africa. It evaluates the revenue potential of nine specific tax measures, including a Social Security Tax, Resource Rent Tax, and Luxury VAT, and models their impact on national debt and the primary balance over the Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF).

This case study examines Egypt's 2014 reform of its fossil fuel subsidies, which aimed to reduce a significant budget deficit and reallocate funds toward social protections and economic growth. While the reforms successfully reduced government spending and were supported by a broad political consensus, the document notes challenges in targeting support to the poorest households and aligning reforms with long-term climate goals.

This report, produced as part of the Critical Challenges of Coastal Southeast Asia (3CSeas) project, explores how social protection mechanisms can build resilience to slow-onset climate change impacts, particularly for coastal communities.

This research paper examines the energy access gap between ultra-poor and better-off households in Malawi, specifically evaluating the impact of unconditional social cash transfers on the adoption of improved lighting and cookstoves.

This report synthesizes lessons from six country case studies to provide recommendations for designing 'Energy Safety Nets'—social assistance mechanisms intended to ensure the poorest populations can afford both the initial connection to and the ongoing consumption of modern energy services to meet SDG7 goals by 2030.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the fiscal burden and distributional efficiency of electricity and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) subsidies in India. It identifies significant knowledge gaps due to outdated census data and proposes various targeting mechanisms—including volumetric, categorical, and income-based approaches—to ensure subsidies reach the poorest households without compromising energy access.

This briefing note analyzes the role of fossil-fuel subsidies in Indonesia's social welfare strategy, arguing that while these subsidies were traditionally used to alleviate poverty and control inflation, they have become expensive, inefficient, and regressive.

This research paper explores the relationship between adaptive capacity and social protection within agroforestry systems, utilizing case studies from Zambia and Honduras to illustrate how these two elements mutually support one another in mitigating climate risks like drought.

This research paper discusses the potential for integrating Social Protection (SP) policies and programs in Rwanda with Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) to enhance household and community resilience.

This report analyzes public policy responses to the 2007-2008 food crisis in Latin America, focusing on the shift toward protecting vulnerable populations, the conceptual debate between food security and food sovereignty, and the introduction of new legislative frameworks for government intervention.

The Institute for Economic Justice (IEJ) submitted a set of recommendations to the UNFCCC Secretariat on March 12, 2026, regarding the operationalisation of the Just Transition Mechanism under the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Just Transition Work Programme (JTWP). The IEJ argues that the mechanism must be equity-oriented, demand-driven, and primarily grant-based to avoid exacerbating debt burdens in developing countries.