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This document provides the sources and methodology for Ember's Europe Electricity Interconnection Data Tool. It details how the tool maps Bidding Zones to countries, calculates interconnection capacity (NTC), estimates import potential, and analyzes electricity flows and variable renewable energy (RES) penetration for 2024 and projected scenarios for 2030 and 2040.

A statement from the World Resources Institute (WRI) arguing that the Republican budget bill (H.R.1.), passed by the U.S. House and Senate in July 2025, will damage the U.S. economy by phasing out clean energy tax credits and introducing restrictive Foreign Entity of Concern (FEOC) rules.

This report by RMI outlines strategies and a toolkit for Caribbean policymakers and energy leaders to accelerate a just and equitable transition from aging, diesel-based energy models to resilient renewable energy systems, emphasizing the urgency of the transition due to climate impacts and the importance of the 2025 window for revising Nationally Determined Contributions ahead of COP30.

This research paper examines the role of the African Union Development Agency-New Partnership for Africa’s Development (AUDA-NEPAD) in driving trade and industrialization in Africa. It analyzes the agency's efforts to implement structural transformation through frameworks like the AfCFTA and Agenda 2063, while highlighting the systemic tensions between continental ambitions, national sovereignty, and the influence of external donors.

The Renewables Bulletin: BRICS Edition provides data on the energy transition across BRICS nations, highlighting the dominant role of China in renewable electricity generation and capacity, while noting varying levels of progress in solar and wind adoption across the bloc.

This fact sheet from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) provides a comprehensive overview of global warming and climate change, explaining their causes, impacts on health and environment, and the strategies used for mitigation and adaptation. It details the role of greenhouse gases, the specific contributions of the livestock sector, and the current state of climate action within the United States and through United Nations frameworks.

This July 2025 briefing by Global Energy Monitor details China's leadership in utility-scale solar and wind energy, highlighting a 1.3 TW pipeline of prospective capacity and the rapid growth of its offshore wind sector, which now accounts for 50% of global capacity.

This policy brief by the Public Affairs Research Institute (PARI) argues that South Africa's current Free Basic Services (FBS) policy provides only a 'survival level' of electricity and water, which is insufficient to lift households out of poverty. The author proposes restructuring the FBS to provide 'developmental levels' of access—specifically 150kWh of electricity and 8kl of water per month for a targeted group of 7.5 million households—and shifting administration from municipalities to a social grant system managed by an independent agency like SASSA to improve equity and delivery.

This policy brief by the Africa Policy Research Institute examines the role of private sector investment in unlocking Africa's renewable energy (RE) potential. Using Nigeria as a case study, it identifies financial, regulatory, and infrastructural barriers that hinder the scaling of clean energy and provides strategic recommendations to create a more predictable and attractive investment environment.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the climate finance gap for Least Developed Countries (LDCs), highlighting the inadequacy of debt-based financial mechanisms and proposing the use of highly concessional, grant-based capital and innovative risk-management tools to build resilience in the most vulnerable nations.

This research paper examines the 'renewables pull' and 'strategic push' factors influencing the relocation of hydrogen-based steelmaking, concluding that both are necessary for an accelerated transition.

This case study details the growth of Osomobegbe Global Ventures Limited (OGV), a Nigerian enterprise founded by Osomobegbe Eugene to combat post-harvest losses through solar drying technology. The document outlines OGV's technical approach, its business model for smallholder farmers, its youth employment initiatives, and the systemic challenges facing agritech startups in Nigeria.

This case study profiles Chibunna Ogbonna, a 27-year-old Nigerian entrepreneur and founder of Kiru Energy, detailing his journey from launching a cleantech startup in 2017 to scaling solar energy solutions. The document outlines the financial growth of the company, the operational challenges of the Nigerian energy sector, and Ogbonna's advocacy for better regulatory environments and youth empowerment in Africa's renewable energy transition.

This research paper examines Turkey's strategic efforts to secure critical raw materials (CRMs) in Africa to support its domestic industrial goals in defence, electric vehicles, and renewables. It analyzes Turkey's diverse engagement modalities—ranging from direct extraction to integrated industrial hubs and security-linked partnerships—and proposes a trilateral cooperation framework involving the European Union (EU) and African nations to align standards and enhance supply chain resilience.

The Centre for Environmental Rights, on behalf of MACUA and MEJCON-SA and jointly with Natural Justice, submitted formal objections to the Motuoane Exploration Right 386 application. The submission argues that the project's scoping report is deficient in its assessment of climate change, air quality, and groundwater impacts, and that the public participation process was exclusionary and legally inadequate.

This report examines the development and performance of hybrid power plants in Türkiye, focusing on the integration of solar energy with wind and hydroelectric sources to optimize grid connection efficiency and production continuity.

This report chapter examines the challenges of grid connection capacity for renewable energy projects in Turkey and globally, highlighting how infrastructure limitations, economic risks, and procedural inefficiencies delay the energy transition.

This RMI briefing argues that repealing tech-neutral clean electricity tax credits, specifically the Investment Tax Credit (ITC) (48E) and Production Tax Credit (PTC) (45Y), would increase energy costs for farmers and rural electric cooperatives, undermine grid reliability, and derail planned clean energy investments in rural America.

This fact sheet by Zero Carbon Analytics analyzes the energy forecasts of the Institute for Energy Economics Japan (IEEJ), arguing that the institute projects unrealistically high future gas demand compared to the IEA, ExxonMobil, and BP. The document attributes these high forecasts to the IEEJ's assumptions regarding the high cost of renewables, a preference for thermal power as a backup, and an optimistic outlook for carbon capture and storage (CCS).

This report by Ember analyzes the final National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs) of EU Member States to project the bloc's energy trajectory for 2030. The findings indicate a structural shift toward a cleaner, electrified economy characterized by declining gas demand and rising renewable energy generation, though some targets still fall short of REPowerEU ambitions.