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The document analyzes 164 NDCs to explore global connections between the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda, while specifically examining target-level connections within six developing countries to suggest ways to improve thematic coherence and ambition in national strategies.

The report evaluates the energy transition in Argentina's power sector, highlighting the need to align long-term Paris Agreement temperature goals with NDC processes to avoid carbon lock-in. It identifies opportunities for leadership in renewables-based hydrogen and synthetic fuels, while noting that grid limitations are the primary short-term barrier to increasing renewable energy participation.

The report evaluates emission pathways and technology options for Kenya's electricity sector to ensure alignment with the Paris Agreement and sustainable development goals. It argues that avoiding coal and limiting natural gas in favor of geothermal, mini-grids, and energy efficiency is essential for a Paris-compatible trajectory. The document highlights a misalignment between previous climate documents and actual sector planning, recommending integrated planning processes and the creation of a Long-term Strategy to provide transparency and a clear economic vision.

The document reviews the state of adaptation finance as of early 2020, highlighting the Adaptation Committee's projections of rising costs and the Adaptation Fund's operational milestones. It addresses the difficulty of tracking adaptation flows, noting that while finance increased by 35% in 2017-2018, it represents only 5% of tracked climate finance. The brief also contrasts the massive business opportunities in adaptation solutions with the urgent needs of vulnerable populations, arguing that adaptation requires a rethinking of production and equity.

The World Resources Institute outlines four critical areas for the Green Climate Fund's 2020-2023 Strategic Plan: aligning mitigation ambition with the 1.5°C goal through transformational metrics, clarifying adaptation and loss and damage approaches, balancing the speed of private finance mobilization with portfolio quality, and improving the accessibility of direct access funding for developing country institutions.

The report estimates that Canadian federal fossil fuel subsidies reached nearly 600 million CAD in 2019-2020, though this is considered a low estimate due to missing data on tax expenditures and specific projects like Trans Mountain. The analysis highlights a shift in funding from exploration toward production, infrastructure, and export, with a notable increase in support for the liquefied natural gas (LNG) sector. The authors argue that these subsidies hinder Canada's ability to meet Paris Agreement targets and recommend incorporating subsidy reform into the next Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC).

The Colombian Supreme Court ruled on April 5, 2018, that the Colombian Amazon possesses rights equivalent to those of a human being, necessitating its protection and restoration. The case was brought by 25 youth plaintiffs who argued that government failure to meet net-zero deforestation targets under the Paris Agreement threatened future generations. Despite the court ordering the government to implement action plans to reach net-zero deforestation by 2020 and create an Intergenerational Pact, the document notes that deforestation continued to increase and municipalities failed to update land management plans, leading plaintiffs to return to court in April 2019.

The case of Urgenda Foundation v The State of the Netherlands resulted in a Supreme Court ruling on 20 December 2019, upholding a lower court's order for the Dutch government to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 25% relative to 1990 levels by the end of 2020. The courts determined that the State has a positive obligation under Articles 2 and 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights to take concrete actions against climate change to prevent risks to the right to life and family life. The ruling established that such mandates do not violate the separation of powers, as the government retains discretion over the methods used to achieve the target. This judgment has since influenced climate litigation in other jurisdictions, including Ireland and Australia.

The document contends that the 4th PCI list is legally and environmentally flawed, specifically regarding gas projects. It argues that the selection process failed to meet TEN-E Regulation standards for cost-benefit and sustainability assessments. Furthermore, it asserts that investing in natural gas infrastructure creates stranded asset risks and is incompatible with the 1.5°C warming limit of the Paris Agreement and the EU's own Green Deal and climate emergency declaration.

The Life After Coal Campaign, represented by the Centre for Environmental Rights, calls for the urgent promulgation of a robust Climate Change Act and the abandonment of new fossil fuel projects in South Africa. The document highlights the lack of transparency regarding greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data from the Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF) and argues that non-compliant coal-fired power stations must be decommissioned as part of a just transition. It further asserts that South Africa's current commitments under the Paris Agreement are inadequate and must be revised to align with the 1.5 degree Celsius limit to avoid severe regional climate impacts.

The document analyzes the energy transition in North Africa, noting that electricity generation must nearly double by 2030 to meet growing demand. While the region is expanding renewable energy capacity and implementing efficiency regulations, natural gas is projected to remain the dominant power source by 2030 unless international financial support and technology transfer accelerate. The author highlights a tension between the region's low historical emissions and its high vulnerability to climate change, warning that insufficient climate finance from developed countries risks the region's ability to meet its Paris Agreement commitments.

The Climate and Health Alliance (CAHA) and Global Health and Climate Alliance (GCHA) argue that the Australian bushfires demonstrate the critical link between climate change and public health emergencies. They urge the Australian government to recognize a climate emergency, integrate public health into national carbon budgets, and phase out fossil fuels to prevent more intense bushfire seasons.

The failure to establish rules for international carbon markets at COP 25 prevented the adoption of loopholes and double-counting but shifted the responsibility for environmental integrity to individual countries. This creates a risk of a 'wild west' scenario where low-ambition countries may trade 'junk credits' from the Kyoto Protocol era. While the San Jose Principles and Article 77d of the transparency framework offer some paths toward integrity and reporting, the lack of a global agreement leaves carbon markets potentially undermining overall climate action.

The article analyzes the first round of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) through surveys of government representatives and stakeholders, primarily in developing and emerging economies. It finds that while the NDC preparation process improved political awareness, institutional coordination, and national climate policy processes, significant gaps remain in analytical capacity, financial resources, and technical expertise. The authors argue that addressing these resource gaps and improving stakeholder involvement is essential for setting realistic yet ambitious targets in future NDC cycles.

The document consists of three open letters from members of the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The 2025 statement warns that the US scientific enterprise is being 'decimated' by the Trump administration through funding cuts, censorship, and the removal of public access to data. It highlights a 'climate of fear' where researchers remove terms like 'climate change' from papers to avoid funding risks. The 2018 and 2016 letters specifically address the dangers of human-caused climate change and criticize the US withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, asserting that climate change is a 'physical reality' and that the US risks losing its global leadership and economic edge by ignoring scientific evidence.

The document outlines the dangers of hydraulic fracturing, noting that in 2018, more than two thirds of Canada's natural gas was "fracked gas," primarily from Northeastern BC. It details health risks including increased incidences of preterm birth, miscarriage, and childhood leukemia (ALL), as well as environmental threats such as water contamination and induced earthquakes. The text highlights that methane leaks from fracking are 86 times more harmful to the climate than CO2 over 20 years, undermining the concept of natural gas as a "bridge fuel." It concludes by urging Canada to implement a moratorium on new wells and develop just transition plans for workers.

The document outlines the risks associated with hydraulic fracturing, specifically focusing on water and air pollution, reproductive health issues, pediatric cancers, and seismic activity. It highlights the role of methane leaks in undermining climate goals and advocates for a phased elimination of fracking wells in Canada to meet Paris Agreement commitments.

The report examines the risks associated with unconventional oil and gas extraction (PGNC), specifically hydraulic fracturing. It details significant health concerns, including adverse birth outcomes, asthma exacerbation, and potential links to childhood leukemia. Environmental risks identified include water contamination, air pollution (specifically benzene and ozone precursors), and induced seismicity. The document highlights the disproportionate impact on Indigenous populations and argues that methane leaks undermine the role of natural gas as a transition fuel, calling for a moratorium on new projects and a strategic phase-out to meet Paris Agreement goals.

The document outlines a structured approach for organizations to submit shadow reports to UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies, focusing on how climate change and inadequate state responses violate human rights. It suggests a concise format (6-8 pages) divided into sections covering relevant human rights obligations, adverse climate effects on specific populations, deficiencies in national policies (such as NDCs under the Paris Agreement), and specific legal obligations under treaties. The guide includes a table of submission deadlines and contact emails for various committees, including the CCPR, CEDAW, CERD, CESCR, CRC, and CRPD.

The guide outlines a structured approach for submitting parallel reports to UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies, emphasizing the need for concise, evidence-based documentation of how climate change and state policies impact specific human rights. It recommends a four-section structure: establishing the link between climate change and treaty obligations, describing adverse impacts on rights and vulnerable groups, detailing shortcomings in national climate responses (such as NDCs), and analyzing how these circumstances violate specific state obligations. The document provides practical submission tips, including recommended lengths of 6-8 pages, the use of visual aids, and a table of deadlines and contact emails for various committees including the CCPR, CEDAW, CERD, CESCR, CRC, and CRPD.