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A fact sheet detailing a USD 225 million green bond issued by AC Energy on January 29, 2019, to finance solar, onshore wind, and geothermal assets in Southeast Asia and Australia.

A fact sheet detailing a USD 580 million green bond issued by Star Energy Geothermal (Wayang Windu) Ltd on April 24, 2018, to finance geothermal power assets in Indonesia.

This fact sheet details a USD 200 million green bond issued by Landsvirkjun on March 9, 2018, marking the first green bond from an Icelandic issuer. The proceeds are designated for geothermal and hydropower projects, specifically the Theistareykir geothermal station and the Burfell hydropower plant.

Sustainalytics conducted a pre-issuance verification of AC Energy's green bond in January 2019 to ensure its conformance with the Wind, Solar, and Geothermal Energy Criteria of the Climate Bonds Standard Version 2.1. The verification concluded that the bond's framework for financing or refinancing eligible renewable energy projects meets the required standards.

This research paper examines the role of innovative risk finance, specifically insurance, in overcoming barriers to geothermal power development in Kenya and Ethiopia. It details a project by Parhelion, funded by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN), which provided technical training to local stakeholders to increase the use of risk mitigation instruments and leverage private sector capital.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) analyzes the role of public finance in accelerating geothermal energy deployment in developing countries. Based on case studies from Turkey, Kenya, and Indonesia, the report demonstrates that public risk-mitigation measures can reduce the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and allow governments to achieve electricity generation goals while spending only 15-35% of the resources required for sole public ownership.

This case study examines the Sarulla Geothermal Power Plant (GPP) in Indonesia, highlighting how public risk mitigation tools, including guarantees and feed-in tariffs, enabled significant private sector investment in a project designed to be the world's largest single contract geothermal plant with a 330MW capacity by 2018.

This executive summary analyzes the use of private financing to accelerate geothermal energy deployment in Indonesia, focusing on the Sarulla Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP Sarulla) as a case study. It highlights the role of public support in mitigating exploration risks and providing financial guarantees to attract private investment to meet national capacity targets.

This case study examines the role of public finance in mitigating early-stage exploration risks for geothermal energy, focusing on the Gümüşköy Geothermal Power Plant in Turkey as the first instance of private sector financing for an unproven field in the country.

This briefing describes the Government of Kenya's efforts to expand geothermal power production to support low-carbon development through a Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA), focusing on the challenges of private sector mobilization and the lessons learned during the NAMA's development.

This briefing describes the development of a Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) by the Government of Kenya to accelerate the expansion of geothermal power. The NAMA aims to mobilize private investment to support the country's low-carbon development goals, specifically targeting an increase in geothermal capacity to 5,000 MW by 2030. The document details the institutional challenges faced during the NAMA's creation, including stakeholder buy-in, financial partner engagement, and the difficulty of demonstrating 'additionality' in a sector already receiving significant investment.

This report by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) details Rwanda's efforts to establish a climate-resilient green economy, focusing on the Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy (GGCRS) and the creation of FONERWA, a national climate fund.

This case study by the World Resources Institute examines Indonesia's efforts to mobilize investment in its geothermal energy sector, highlighting the transition from a regulatory environment that favored coal to one that addresses exploration risks and pricing distortions.

This policy brief examines Kenya's strategic shift toward geothermal energy to reduce reliance on climate-vulnerable hydropower and expand energy access. It details the institutional reforms, financial mechanisms, and policy tools the Government of Kenya has implemented to mitigate the high risks associated with geothermal exploration and development.

This case study describes the energy retrofit of the City-County Building (CCB) in Indianapolis and its role as the cornerstone of the broader SustainIndy sustainability program, which targets energy reductions across 61 city-owned buildings.

This fact sheet from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute describes the energy efficiency and renewable energy initiatives of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and its branches. It details strategic goals for the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force to reduce fossil fuel reliance, improve operational security, and meet federal mandates for greenhouse gas reductions and renewable energy procurement.

This June 2011 fact sheet from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute provides estimates for employment in the United States energy efficiency and renewable energy sectors, drawing on data from government agencies and industry associations.

This briefing details the FY 2008 appropriations for the Department of Energy's (DOE) Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE/RE) programs, highlighting that both the House and Senate proposed funding levels significantly higher than the Administration's request.

This 2006 fact sheet from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute provides an overview of geothermal energy, detailing its capacity in the United States and globally, the technologies used for electricity and heating, and the associated environmental benefits and challenges.

FSD Africa and UK-based Parhelion have launched a programme to de-risk early-stage geothermal energy development in Kenya and Ethiopia. The initiative focuses on creating a Geothermal Risk Transfer facility to mitigate drilling risks and a training programme to build the capacity of local African insurers to underwrite geothermal risks, thereby attracting investment and reducing reliance on international insurance markets.