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The report analyzes the intersection of China's climate policies and public health, arguing that achieving NDC targets—primarily through reducing coal dependence and expanding renewables—would significantly reduce premature deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. It highlights a budgetary contradiction where China continues to provide substantial fossil fuel subsidies despite the high health and environmental externalities associated with them. Quantitative models cited in the report suggest that the economic value of avoided premature deaths would far outweigh the costs of implementing climate policies by 2050.

The report analyzes the intersection of gender and climate change adaptation in Benin, highlighting how patriarchal land tenure and social roles increase women's vulnerability. It identifies institutional gaps in the current NAP process and provides specific recommendations for gender-responsive adaptation in agriculture, water, health, and other priority sectors.

The proposal seeks USD 499,695 over 24 months to update Chile's expired 2013-2017 adaptation plan for the forestry, agriculture, and livestock sectors. Implemented by the FAO, the project aims to establish sub-national governance, identify new adaptation measures through a multi-stakeholder process, align the plan with national development policies, develop a private-sector-focused finance strategy, and create a monitoring and evaluation system. The process emphasizes the inclusion of women and Indigenous Peoples, targeting a minimum of 30% participation in workshops.

The research identifies that the land sector could feasibly contribute approximately 30% of the global mitigation required by 2050 to limit warming to 1.5 °C, though this requires significantly more effort than a 2 °C target.

The analysis concludes that climate neutrality in Estonia by 2050 is potentially profitable in the long term, requiring an estimated investment of 17.3 billion euros between 2021 and 2050. The majority of these costs (approximately 13.1 billion euros) would be borne by the private sector. The report emphasizes that delaying strategic decisions will increase costs and complexity. Key priorities for 2021-2030 include accelerating energy efficiency in buildings, transport, and industry, transitioning electricity and heat production to renewables, and establishing national carbon sequestration goals for the LULUCF sector. While the initial investment phase (2021-2030) will see costs exceed revenues, the long-term weighted average marginal cost is negative, meaning revenues will eventually exceed costs. The report warns that new oil shale production plants would significantly increase the risk of failing to reach climate neutrality due to added emissions and high regulatory risks.

The report details a workshop held in July 2019 to discuss the implementation of the ASEAN Guidelines for Responsible Investment in Food, Agriculture and Forestry, which were adopted in October 2018 to promote sustainability-driven investments in the region.

The project targets four regional hubs in northern Mauritania—Aoujeft, Rachid, Tamchekett, and Nema—to address severe desertification and water scarcity. It aims to benefit 204,171 people through a combination of land rehabilitation, water infrastructure development, and the diversification of livelihoods. The initiative focuses on integrating climate change adaptation into local and national planning, utilizing ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) to stop the southward expansion of the Sahara and protect fertile lands in the Sahelian region.

The report identifies about 50 policies from July 2018 to May 2019 in 25 countries, noting that the energy sector saw the most activity with 29 entries. While most policies aim to reduce emissions, the document highlights emissions-increasing policies in Argentina and the United States. Additionally, it notes that of the 25 countries, four have submitted long-term GHG strategies to the UNFCCC and five have developed drafts or domestic strategies.

The document critiques the EU's reliance on 'formalisation'—the use of legalisation and transparency measures—to govern natural resource sectors in sub-Saharan Africa. Using case studies from Sierra Leone's diamond sector and Liberia's forest sector, it argues that these technocratic reforms often fail to improve the lives of local citizens and can even entrench predatory practices. The author proposes adopting a UN-developed 'human security' approach, which prioritises the security of individuals over the security of the state and focuses on tangible, bottom-up results at the local level.

The report identifies approximately 300 international cooperative initiatives (ICIs) under the Global Climate Action Agenda, noting that Nordic countries are highly active participants, with 62% of these initiatives involving at least one Nordic country. It argues that while these initiatives vary in scale and transparency, they are critical for bridging the estimated 32 Gigaton emissions gap by 2030 required to limit temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius. The analysis highlights seven specific initiatives—including the Under2 Coalition and the New York Declaration on Forests—as high-potential areas for Nordic leadership and support, aligned with the 2019 Declaration on Nordic Carbon Neutrality.

Ethiopia's National Adaptation Plan (NAP) serves as a roadmap to reduce climate vulnerability by mainstreaming adaptation into development activities, aiming to support the country's goal of achieving middle-income status by 2025. The process involves vertical integration across federal, regional, zonal, and woreda levels, ensuring dialogue between national and sub-national governments, civil society, and the private sector. The NAP is designed to guide the implementation of climate-resilient strategies already produced by various line ministries under the Climate-Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) strategy. Key climate drivers identified include increasing temperatures, rainfall variability, droughts, and floods, with priority adaptation sectors encompassing agriculture, water, forestry, health, urban areas, industry, transport, and power.

The document details Ghana's approach to integrating climate adaptation into government policy and planning. It identifies priority sectors for adaptation—including agriculture, energy, water, health, infrastructure, gender, and forestry—and lists specific climate threats such as increased temperatures, rainfall variability, and sea level rise. It also provides a timeline of policy milestones from 2012 to 2018, including the development of the National Climate Change Policy and the submission of a NAP Readiness Proposal to the Green Climate Fund.

Kenya is developing a phased adaptation M&E system to overcome challenges such as data operationalization and complexity. The system aims to integrate with national frameworks like the National Integrated Monitoring and Evaluation System (NIMES) and align with the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) 2018–2022, focusing on seven priority sectors including disaster risk management and food security.

The study examines the forestry value chains of South Africa, Mozambique, and Tanzania, noting a divide between South Africa's plantation-dominated, high-value sector and the natural forest-based, low-value sectors of Mozambique and Tanzania. It highlights limited intra-regional trade due to logistics and divergent domestic markets, with most production destined for domestic use or international exports to China and Japan. The report suggests that the region could become a significant pulp production site, particularly in Mozambique and Tanzania, provided land access and community conflict issues are resolved. It recommends establishing regional forums, data initiatives, and skills development to enhance the forestry sector's integration and competitiveness.

The Cambodian NAP process, coordinated by the Department of Climate Change of the National Council for Sustainable Development (NCSD), employs a cross-sectoral approach to reduce climate vulnerability and integrate adaptation into national policies. The process has evolved through several milestones since 2006, including the creation of the National Climate Change Committee and the 2014-2023 Climate Change Strategic Plan. Current efforts focus on the National Adaptation Plan Financing Framework and Implementation Plan (NAPFFIP) to increase access to adaptation finance. Priority sectors for adaptation include agriculture, water, forestry, fisheries, infrastructure, human health, and coastal zones, with specific focus on impacts such as floods, droughts, sea level rise, intense storms, and tropical diseases.

South Africa's National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (NCCAS) acts as its National Adaptation Plan (NAP), aiming for a climate-resilient transition through a country-driven process involving 11 sectors and three spheres of government. The strategy addresses the expectation that climate change will exacerbate poverty and service access, with projections indicating drastic temperature increases—potentially over 6°C in some interior regions under low mitigation—and uncertain rainfall patterns.

Tanzania's National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process, coordinated by the Vice President’s Office - Division of Environment, aims to integrate climate impact data into decision-making, align priorities with the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), and improve access to climate finance. The process focuses on cross-sectoral coordination and participatory planning to increase resilience and meet Paris Agreement targets. Priority sectors for adaptation include agriculture, health, freshwater resources, and the coastal and marine environment, addressing impacts such as droughts, floods, and sea level rise. Key milestones from 2012 to 2018 include the National Climate Change Strategy, the formation of a multi-agency NAP Team, and a stocktaking exercise for mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar.

The report analyzes the current status of Madagascar's National Adaptation Plan (NAP) and identifies systemic gender inequalities that increase climate vulnerability. It highlights a lack of gender-disaggregated data and limited leadership in gender mainstreaming across sectoral ministries. The document provides a proposed harmonized definition of a gender-responsive NAP and offers specific recommendations for the National Coordination Office for Climate Change (BNCCC) and sectoral strategies in agriculture, water, health, coastal zones, biodiversity, and infrastructure to ensure equitable adaptation outcomes.

The paper examines why climate service producers in Sweden struggle to provide actionable information for climate adaptation, shifting the focus from producer incompetence to the systemic constraints they face. Based on interviews and participant observation, the authors identify funding, institutional, and professional barriers, while noting that even when actionable information is delivered, other external factors may still prevent its translation into practical action.

The document details how rising temperatures in Oregon are increasing the frequency and cost of wildfires, reducing mountain snowpack, and causing ocean acidification. It highlights the vulnerability of the state's $48 billion agriculture, forestry, and fishery sectors and recommends a transition to a clean energy economy through carbon pricing and renewable energy adoption.