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The report finds that investments in climate resilient infrastructure (CRI) are in their nascent stages, representing only about 1.1% of average annual infrastructure investment in 2019/20. It proposes a five-principle framework to define and track CRI, though data gaps limited its operationalization to three principles. The study highlights a significant gap between investment and vulnerability, noting no correlation between per capita CRI investment and the ND-GAIN Vulnerability Index. It recommends the adoption of common resilience principles, mandated double materiality disclosures, and the creation of a standardized CRI taxonomy to scale finance.

The December 2022 survey finds that 70% of Americans believe global warming is happening, with 58% attributing it primarily to human activity. While 64% express worry and 63% feel a personal responsibility to help, social engagement remains low, as 63% rarely or never discuss the issue with family and friends. A majority of respondents perceive global warming as already affecting U.S. weather and various environmental problems, though only 14% believe it is too late to take action.

The document argues that predictions of a dramatic wave of migration to Europe driven by food insecurity following the invasion of Ukraine are not supported by data from the first eight months of 2022. It explains that migration drivers are complex and that severe food insecurity can actually decrease the ability of the poorest people to migrate due to the high costs of travel. While the invasion has directly displaced foreign students in Ukraine and may indirectly shift migration patterns toward oil-rich economies in the Global South, it is unlikely to have significantly increased irregular migration to Europe or decreased global remittance flows.

The report examines the failures of water privatisation in Europe, citing infrastructure decay and high profits in the UK and France, while highlighting successful re-municipalisation in Paris and public resistance in Greece, Ireland, and Italy. It advocates for public ownership and cross-border cooperation to manage water as a public security issue and a public good, rather than a commodity, to effectively adapt to climate change.

The application seeks PPF support to prepare a full funding proposal for a project in Mexico City. The proposed project aims to scale up domestic Rainwater Harvesting Systems (RWHS) for vulnerable populations, particularly women-led households, to mitigate water insecurity caused by climate-led droughts affecting the Cutzamala-Lerma system. The PPF activities include feasibility studies (economic, technical, climate, and water), a gender assessment and action plan, a multi-stakeholder engagement plan, and the final elaboration of a Simplified Approval Process (SAP) funding proposal. The underlying project targets 50,000 direct beneficiaries and seeks a total indicative cost of 9,660,000 USD, with 6,160,000 USD requested from the GCF as a grant.

The Upper Rio Grande Basin is in moderate condition with an overall score of 54% (C), facing severe threats from climate change, drought, and population pressure. While municipal water supplies remain strong, annual low flows are critically low, and the river's natural hydrology is heavily altered, particularly in southern New Mexico and Texas. Scenario modeling indicates that rising temperatures and declining precipitation will further reduce water availability for agriculture and ecological flows by 2050. Proposed mitigation strategies include reducing irrigation losses, fallowing agricultural land, and reducing municipal water demand to restore environmental flows.

The CER's submission on the draft NWRS-3 argues that the strategy must move beyond treating climate change as a future threat and instead implement binding regulations to protect water security. The CER advocates for the formal legal protection of Strategic Water Source Areas (SWSAs), strengthened compliance monitoring and enforcement (CME) through the 'Blue Scorpions', and a moratorium on unconventional oil and gas exploration due to risks of water contamination and methane emissions. It further emphasizes the need for transparency in water licensing and the alignment of the NWRS-3 with South Africa's international commitments under the Paris Agreement and the domestic Climate Change Bill.

World Weather Attribution (WWA) reports on its activities from October 2021 to October 2022, during which it published eight rapid analyses and several peer-reviewed papers. These studies examined the role of human-induced climate change in events such as heatwaves in India, Pakistan, and the UK, as well as flooding and droughts in various regions. The organization emphasizes that while climate change is a major driver for heatwaves, its role in other events like tropical cyclones can be less clear, often compounding with high levels of vulnerability to increase human impacts.

The U.S. has seen a steady increase in the frequency and cost of billion-dollar weather and climate disasters since 1980. In 2022, by September 30, the country had already experienced 15 such events totaling $29.3 billion in losses, exceeding the historical annual average of seven. The time between these disasters has shrunk from 82 days in the 1980s to an average of 18 days between 2017 and 2021, reducing the time available for recovery and preparation. While hurricanes are the most costly event type, the overall trend of increasing extremes is linked to human-caused greenhouse gas emissions, with projections suggesting further intensity without rapid emissions cuts.

The document explains that fall foliage is driven by temperature, sun exposure, and rainfall, all of which are being altered by climate change. While warming temperatures generally delay leaf fall, drought and heat stress can cause earlier shedding or duller colors. These shifts have economic implications for tourism and ecological implications for forest carbon sequestration.

The document examines how climate-driven extreme weather events, such as floods and droughts, create cascading failures in essential services that disproportionately affect vulnerable populations in Halmstad, Sweden. It identifies key drivers of social vulnerability—including age, income, and disability—and argues that municipalities should integrate social perspectives into their risk and vulnerability analyses of critical infrastructure to improve crisis preparedness.

The briefing examines social vulnerability in Halmstad, Sweden, in the context of climate-driven water-related hazards. It argues that while Sweden is generally resilient, specific social groups remain vulnerable due to intersecting factors such as age, income, and disability. Using the impact chain model, the authors demonstrate how disruptions to critical infrastructure—such as water, energy, and transport—can create cascading effects that disproportionately impact the most vulnerable and can even create new vulnerable groups. The document highlights 'erosive coping' where disaster responses may inadvertently reinforce existing inequalities. It recommends that local authorities integrate social dimensions into their risk and vulnerability assessments to design more effective disaster risk reduction strategies.

The project, 'Enhancing Adaptation and Community Resilience by Improving Water Security in Vanuatu,' is a climate adaptation investment requesting USD 23.3 million in GCF grants. It targets 85,650 direct beneficiaries across 750 communities. The initiative focuses on three outcomes: empowering communities to plan climate-resilient water resources through updated Drinking Water Safety and Security Planning (DWSSP), constructing and upgrading climate-resilient rural water infrastructure via the Capital Assistance Programme (CAP), and strengthening provincial and national institutions. The project addresses risks such as increased temperatures, extreme precipitation, and sea-level rise, which threaten water quality and availability. It specifically emphasizes gender equality by mandating 40% female representation in Rural Water Committees (RWCs) and designing infrastructure to meet the specific needs of women, children, and the elderly.

The St. Kitts and Nevis Climate Smart Agriculture Project (SKN CSA-P) is a USD 21.645 million initiative aimed at addressing severe water scarcity and climate vulnerability in the federation's agriculture sector. The project focuses on four main outcomes: strengthening the enabling policy environment, enhancing decision support systems through agrometeorological data, mainstreaming low-carbon resilient practices (such as hurricane-resistant greenhouses and solar-powered irrigation), and improving knowledge management. It specifically targets smallholder farmers, women, youth, and disadvantaged groups, utilizing a CSA Matching Grant Fund to catalyze private investment. The project is implemented by the Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre (CCCCC) and the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA).

Summer 2022 was the third hottest on record for the contiguous U.S., with significant influence from climate change on both daytime and nighttime temperatures. Using the Climate Shift Index, the analysis shows that nearly half of the contiguous U.S. experienced 15 or more days where average temperatures were at least twice as likely due to climate change. The period was also marked by extreme precipitation in Missouri and Kentucky, widespread wildfires burning over 6.7 million acres, and severe drought affecting 94% of Hawaii and 85 consecutive weeks in Puerto Rico.

The document details how Lucy Lemashisha and the Rural Women Network (RWN) established the Climate Resilience and Learning Center in Kajiado County, Kenya, to combat the effects of recurrent drought and famine on the Maasai community. By promoting climate-smart agriculture, rainwater harvesting, and alternative income sources, the initiative has improved food security and shifted patriarchal power dynamics, enabling women to take leadership roles in climate justice and local governance.

The report provides a comprehensive strategic and programmatic framework for the Tupiza River Basin, focusing on improving water security, sanitation, and climate resilience. It identifies critical vulnerabilities, including mining-related water contamination, inadequate sanitation in rural areas, and high susceptibility to floods and frosts. The plan proposes specific infrastructure investments—such as rainwater harvesting tanks, deep wells, and decentralized wastewater treatment plants—alongside gender-focused empowerment programs and sustainable mining management to mitigate environmental degradation.

The 2022 Kenyan election occurs amidst severe economic instability driven by global food, energy, and climate crises, with cooking oil prices rising 47% and millions requiring food aid. The contest primarily features Raila Odinga and William Ruto, with the winner facing the urgent need to stabilize fuel and food prices without increasing national debt. While the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission has seen few reforms since 2017, there are signs of a peaceful democratic transition and increased female candidacy.

The report finds that while a majority of Americans (72%) believe global warming is happening and 56% attribute it to human causes, there is a significant gap in understanding the strength of the scientific consensus. Public concern is high, with 64% feeling worried and many reporting personal experiences with climate impacts, yet social discussion of the topic remains low, with 67% rarely or never discussing it with family and friends.

The document examines the critical intersection of WASH services, climate change, and global health security, illustrating how water scarcity and infrastructure failure exacerbate disease transmission and political instability. It highlights specific instances in West Africa, India, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo where the lack of basic water services in healthcare facilities increased vulnerability to Ebola and other health crises. The author advocates for the U.S. Government to leverage its global water and climate strategies to promote sector-inclusive policies and funding that prioritize prevention over response.