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The document asserts that methane emissions from the natural gas supply chain are significantly underestimated, potentially making gas power more harmful to the climate than coal if leakage rates exceed 3%. For Japan, which imports over 90% of its gas as LNG, this creates both climate risks and energy security vulnerabilities. The briefing advocates for a transition away from gas through policies such as phasing out fossil fuel subsidies, prioritizing grid infrastructure for electrification and renewables, simplifying permitting for renewables, and implementing Carbon Contracts for Difference (CfD).

ClientEarth is an environmental charity that employs legal expertise to enforce environmental laws and shape new policies. Its five-year strategy focuses on accelerating the transition to a net zero carbon economy by pressuring governments and companies to uphold the Paris Agreement, eliminating coal power in Europe by 2030, and reducing illegal air pollution. The organization also targets the protection of oceans, forests, and wildlife, specifically focusing on sustainable fishing quotas in the EU by 2020 and securing community forest rights in Central and West Africa. Additionally, ClientEarth works to expand access to justice and modernize environmental governance in China.

The report estimates that climate finance mobilised by developed countries for developing countries reached USD 61.8 billion in 2014 and USD 52.2 billion in 2013, with a two-year average of USD 57.0 billion. Public finance remains the dominant source, accounting for 71% of the average total, while mobilised private finance accounts for 26%. The findings highlight a significant increase in bilateral public finance and a substantial rise in outflows from Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) between 2013 and 2014. The report emphasizes that the majority of finance (77%) targets mitigation, with adaptation receiving 16%. It also details the methodological challenges in tracking private finance and the attribution of multilateral flows to developed countries.

The report finds that global financial commitments for energy access are insufficient, with electricity funding reaching only about half of the required USD 52 billion annually and clean cooking funding remaining abysmal. While electricity finance increased to USD 30.2 billion per year in 20 high-impact countries, it is heavily concentrated in Asia, particularly India, while Sub-Saharan Africa has seen declines. Investment is skewed toward grid-connected technologies, including a doubling of coal plant financing, while off-grid solutions receive only 1.3% of total funds. Clean cooking finance dropped 5% to USD 30 million per year, far below the USD 4.4 billion needed. Case studies highlight India's success in mobilizing private finance for renewables and Indonesia's use of government subsidies to scale LPG adoption.

The document is an open letter addressed to ministers and UNFCCC representatives during COP-19. Signed by 33 civil society networks and individuals from 87 countries, it argues that carbon markets must not compromise the ambition of climate mitigation efforts. The authors call for a comprehensive climate agreement by 2015, specifically demanding the rejection of pilot phase trading under the Diversified Framework Approach (FVA), the removal of non-additional projects and coal power from the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and the establishment of international verification to prevent double counting.

This executive summary from Ember reports that wind and solar power reached 10.3% of global electricity generation in 2021. While clean energy sources collectively provided 38% of global electricity, the report highlights a concerning record increase in coal power and carbon emissions, driven largely by surging electricity demand in Asia.

The document reports that clean electricity generated 38% of the world's power in 2021, surpassing coal. While renewables met all electricity demand growth in the first half of 2022, the report notes that unabated coal power must fall by 87% in the next nine years to align with 1.5C goals. Regional analysis highlights China's leadership in wind and solar, Europe's accelerated transition due to the gas crisis, and the significant role of coal mines as the largest source of energy sector methane.

The document describes the methodology for the Indian States’ Electricity Transition analysis, which evaluates 16 states representing approximately 90% of India's annual power requirement. The analysis uses 17 parameters across four dimensions: Decarbonisation, Performance of the Power System, Readiness of the Power Ecosystem, and Policies and Political Commitments. Data for financial year 2021-22 was primarily sourced from government entities such as the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) and NITI Aayog, then normalised and weighted by sectoral experts to produce state-wise scores.

In 2021, wind and solar power reached a record 10.3% of global electricity generation, with total clean energy accounting for 38%. However, a 5.4% surge in global electricity demand—driven largely by economic growth in Asia—led to a record increase in coal power, which grew by 9.0% to reach 10,042 TWh. Consequently, power sector CO2 emissions rose by 7% in 2021, the largest percentage increase since 2010, surpassing pre-pandemic levels.

The report evaluates 16 Indian states on their electricity transition across four dimensions: decarbonisation, power system performance, ecosystem readiness, and policy commitments. Karnataka is identified as the top performer across all dimensions, while states like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal are urged to ramp up efforts. The analysis highlights that many renewable-rich states have significant untapped potential and recommends improving data transparency, strengthening transmission infrastructure, and expanding green market mechanisms to accelerate the transition.

Analysis shows that the weighted average cost of coal power in the U.S. rose from $36/MWh in 2021 to $46/MWh in 2024, a 28 percent increase that outpaced inflation. This rise is attributed to higher fuel, operations, and maintenance costs, as well as declining capacity factors. Despite these economics, some U.S. federal policies and state regulators have extended the lives of expensive plants, such as Plant Bowen in Georgia and the Hunter and Huntington plants in Utah, potentially increasing the financial burden on electricity consumers.

The document provides a comprehensive overview of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), describing it as a strategic framework for Chinese foreign investment and global influence. It highlights a systemic lack of environmental and social safeguards, the dominance of Chinese state-owned enterprises, and the tendency of BRI financing to favor fossil fuel projects over renewables. The briefing also details the 'debt trap' risks for recipient nations and the efforts of civil society organizations to advocate for a 'Green BRI' and greater corporate accountability.

In 2025, the BRICS nations experienced their largest power capacity expansion on record, characterized by a 'split transition' where both fossil fuels and renewables reached historic highs. While 125 GW of new coal, oil, and gas capacity was added, solar and wind additions totaled 497 GW. This growth was heavily concentrated in China and India, where record renewable deployment began to reduce coal-fired generation despite continued coal capacity expansion. In contrast, other BRICS members like Russia and Iran remain overwhelmingly fossil-based, while Brazil, South Africa, Egypt, and the UAE show varying degrees of renewable growth and fossil fuel reliance.

South Korea aims to triple its renewable energy capacity to 100GW by 2030 to mitigate the economic impact of volatile fossil fuel prices. Since 2010, wind and solar have saved the country USD 25 billion in LNG import costs. While the country possesses strong industrial capabilities in solar panels, batteries, and transformers, it faces significant land constraints and grid bottlenecks, particularly in transmitting power from Honam to Seoul. The government is prioritizing a high-voltage direct current energy highway and digital grid integration to support this transition.

The SAVi assessment of the Taïba N’Diaye wind farm demonstrates that while traditional financial metrics may favor fossil fuels due to lower initial capital costs, the wind project provides superior societal value and lower long-term costs when climate risks and externalities are integrated. The wind farm is projected to generate 158.7 MW of electricity and create significantly more jobs with far lower lifecycle emissions than coal or HFO alternatives.

The SAVi analysis demonstrates that while a coal power plant appears more profitable under a Business-as-Usual (BAU) scenario, the offshore wind farm becomes the superior financial option when externalities and climate risks are integrated. Specifically, accounting for externalities reduces the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for offshore wind to EUR 65 per MWh compared to EUR 171 per MWh for coal. When physical risks (1.5°C temperature increase) and transitional risks (a carbon tax of EUR 16.27/MWh) are added, the coal plant's internal rate of return (IRR) drops to 0%, while the wind farm maintains an IRR of approximately 17%. The analysis also estimates that the offshore wind project would create 2,780 full-time equivalent jobs.

The document argues that Indonesia's electricity subsidies are inefficiently distributed, benefiting non-poor households and densely populated areas like Java while neglecting remote regions. It highlights that electricity subsidies have increased from Rp8.8 trillion in 2005 to Rp58 trillion in 2016, and that reform is necessary to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and ensure support reaches the poor. Despite multiple delays, reform plans for early 2017 aim to narrow the number of subsidy recipients in the 450VA and 900VA connection classes.

This document is a Terms of Reference (ToR) prepared by Kurrent Technologies Ltd. for the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) to guide an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for a proposed 1,050MW coal-fired power plant in Lamu County, Kenya. The project, proposed by Amu Power Company Limited, aims to increase Kenya's generation capacity to meet growing electricity demand using super-critical technology.

The report 'Five Years Lost' details 12 major fossil fuel expansion projects globally, estimating they would collectively emit at least 175 gigatons of CO2, consuming up to 75% of the remaining carbon budget for a 66% probability of limiting warming to 1.5°C. It identifies a systemic failure in the finance industry, noting that between January 2016 and August 2020, financial institutions provided $1.6 trillion in loans and underwriting and $1.1 trillion in investments to 133 companies driving these projects. The document highlights the role of public finance, specifically Export Credit Agencies (ECAs) and Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) like the World Bank Group, in de-risking these projects. Case studies cover diverse regions including the Permian Basin (USA), Vaca Muerta (Argentina), and the Barents Sea (Norway), emphasizing the associated human rights abuses, environmental degradation, and the 'myth' of natural gas as a bridge fuel.

Reclaim Finance critiques the updated NZAOA Target Setting Protocol for failing to align with the IEA net zero scenario, specifically regarding fossil fuel phase-out dates and the lack of rigorous engagement standards. The organization argues that the Protocol contains loopholes for coal plants under construction and lacks clear requirements for absolute emission targets and Scope 3 inclusion. Reclaim Finance recommends a full coal exit by 2030 in OECD countries and 2040 globally, an immediate end to oil and gas supply project support, and the implementation of transparent, time-bound engagement escalation policies leading to divestment.