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Global Witness critiques COP26 as a failure that lacked urgency and accountability, noting that the summit allowed fossil fuel lobbyists significant access while excluding many affected communities. The organization highlights the inadequacy of voluntary pledges on deforestation and the failure to secure comprehensive agreements on phasing out oil, gas, and fossil fuel subsidies, concluding that the commitments made are insufficient to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees.

The statement by Svitlana Romanko asserts that fossil fuel revenues directly fund the Russian invasion of Ukraine and that global dependence on these fuels empowers authoritarian regimes and exacerbates the climate crisis. It calls for an immediate embargo on Russian fossil fuels, divestment from related infrastructure, and the adoption of a Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty to transition to clean energy.

Global Witness reports that between February 24 and March 21, 2022, over 360 ships carrying approximately 39.3 million barrels of crude oil, 7.52 million barrels of fuel oil, 473,000 tonnes of LNG, and 2.82 million tonnes of coal from Russian ports were insured by members of the International Group of P&I Clubs (IGP&I). The document asserts that this insurance, required by EU law and international conventions, facilitates the trade of 'conflict fuel' that funds Russia's war in Ukraine. While the IGP&I acknowledges that collective withdrawal of cover could have an 'immediate effect' on volumes, it claims this would only cause a 'limited short-term hiatus' as owners might seek alternative insurance. Only one club, Gard, responded to inquiries about excluding such shipowners, arguing that withdrawing protection could expose 'innocent third parties to risks'.

The statement asserts that elections in Brazil, the Philippines, and Colombia are fundamentally climate elections due to these countries' roles as 'crucial bulwarks in the fight against climate breakdown'. It highlights the intersection of climate action with public health, racial justice, and poverty reduction, while noting that these nations suffer intense climate impacts and high rates of violence against environmental defenders. The text calls for leaders who support democratic institutions, human rights, and science-based policies aligned with the Paris Commitments to avoid further climate delay and denial.

Uttar Pradesh faces significant energy access gaps with 14.6 million households lacking electricity and existing users experiencing poor service quality. The state's electricity distribution companies are financially unsustainable, with a revenue gap reaching 17,042 crores ($2.6 billion in FY 2015), partly due to low meter installation rates in rural areas (25%) compared to urban areas (85%). Over 80% of the state's power generation relies on coal, and financial losses are currently managed through the state government assuming debt via the UDAY scheme.

The document highlights the hidden costs of coal power in Indonesia, noting that coal producers received at least IDR 12.4 trillion (USD 946 million) in subsidies in 2014, which was five times the total subsidies for renewables from 2010 to 2015. It asserts that renewable energy is more cost-competitive when air pollution and CO2 externalities are included in the cost structure. Additionally, it emphasizes that significant investment in renewables is required to provide sustainable electricity access to millions of Indonesian households currently without connections.

The document asserts that renewable energy is significantly cheaper than coal when air pollution externalities are included. It highlights that coal producers in Indonesia received at least IDR 12.4 trillion (USD 946 million) in subsidies in 2014, which is more than five times the total subsidies provided to renewable energy between 2010 and 2015. The text warns that continuing coal reliance could lock in emissions and pollution for 25 years and notes that large renewable investments are required to provide electricity access to millions of households in Indonesia.

The document examines Indonesia's energy subsidy regime, covering gasoline, diesel, kerosene, LPG, electricity, and coal. It argues that these subsidies are regressive, primarily benefiting wealthier households while straining the national budget and discouraging investment in clean energy. The guide details the economic and environmental risks of maintaining these subsidies and outlines strategies for reform, such as targeted cash transfers and gradual phase-outs, drawing on Indonesian and international experiences.

This document is a set of licensing conditions issued by the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) on September 7, 2016, for the construction and operation of a 1050MW coal-fired power plant in Kwasasi, Lamu County, developed by Amu Power Company Limited.

This document is a record of a public hearing held on August 26, 2016, in the Kwasasi area of Lamu regarding the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the proposed Amu Power coal-fired power plant.

The document demands that AXA cease providing insurance for new oil and gas projects, divest from unconventional hydrocarbons, and adopt a stricter definition of the Arctic region. It specifically calls for AXA to vote against Total's climate strategy, divest from Fortum due to pro-coal lobbying, and implement an exclusion policy for soy traders linked to deforestation in the Cerrado.

Reclaim Finance criticizes Amundi for voting in favor of TotalEnergies' 'Say On Climate' plan despite its failure to align capital expenditures (CAPEX) with a 1.5°C trajectory. The letter highlights inconsistencies in Amundi's voting patterns across seven oil and gas majors, noting that Amundi approved plans for Repsol, TotalEnergies, and BP while rejecting those of Woodside Petroleum, Shell, and Equinor. Reclaim Finance argues that Amundi's current approach ignores the IEA Net Zero scenario, which mandates no new oil and gas fields, and calls for a systematized engagement policy that includes commitments to divest from companies continuing fossil fuel expansion.

The document provides data on investments and financing from French GFANZ members in fossil fuel expanders. Amundi Asset Management held the highest total investments at US$ 17,006 million, while BNP Paribas provided the highest total financing at US$ 7,096 million.

The Russian Fossil Fuel Exclusion List identifies Russian-headquartered companies from the Global Coal Exit List and Global Oil & Gas Exit List, as well as major non-Russian coal and oil and gas companies active in Russia, for the purpose of financial divestment.

The document outlines a workshop discussion on the barriers to trade in energy services in SACU, highlighting the absence of services in the SACU agreement and the tension between achieving universal electricity access and maintaining tariffs attractive to Independent Power Producers (IPPs). It emphasizes the need for an integrated regional resource plan, technical transfer, and a shift away from coal and oil toward renewable energy, noting that a lack of political will and a preference for external bilateral cooperation currently hinder regional integration.

The document analyzes the role of renewable energy in the Southern African mining sector, highlighting how energy instability and the high cost of diesel generators drive mining firms toward hybrid and private renewable solutions. While South Africa faces challenges from a reliance on coal and potential 'bridging' fuels like shale gas and nuclear power, the declining cost of solar and wind technologies, supported by the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Programme (REIPPPP), offers a viable path to reduce operating costs and increase energy security.

The paper evaluates how South Africa and Botswana have managed macroeconomic shocks, comparing their fiscal and monetary strategies. It highlights South Africa's diversified economy and inflation-targeting regime against Botswana's diamond-dependent economy and crawling peg exchange rate. The authors analyze the impact of the Global Financial Crisis, commodity price drops, and COVID-19, concluding that both nations face declining fiscal resilience due to structural constraints, debt burdens, and resource volatility.

South Africa is the largest greenhouse gas emitter in Africa, with emissions primarily driven by a coal-dependent energy sector. The country faces a strategic dilemma in balancing poverty alleviation and energy security with international pressure to reduce emissions. To navigate this, South Africa engages in multilateral alliances such as the BASIC group and IBSA to promote 'climate equity' and 'climate justice', arguing that historical polluters should bear the primary burden of mitigation. While South Africa has pledged emission cuts under the Copenhagen Accord, the document notes a gap between its international rhetoric and domestic implementation of renewable energy policies. The report suggests that South Africa and other emerging economies can collaborate on technology transfer, climate modeling, and adaptation strategies to transition toward low-carbon economies without compromising development.

South Africa has increased its climate ambition by lowering its 2030 emission target upper limit from 614 Mt CO2-eq to 420 Mt CO2-eq. While the country leads Africa in green finance and has established a carbon tax, implementation of climate strategies remains slow. The COVID-19 pandemic initially diverted focus toward immediate socioeconomic needs, but later spurred the Economic Reconstruction and Recovery Plan. Conversely, the Ukraine war has increased global demand for South African coal, potentially incentivizing a rollback of decarbonization. The Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) provides critical financial support, but the transition is hindered by ongoing power shortages, reliance on new coal plants like Medupi and Kusile, and political sensitivity regarding job losses in the coal sector.

The report analyzes three scenarios—Ordinary Effort, Promoting Sustainability, and Green Growth—to model China's energy demand and carbon emissions through 2020. It finds that while industry will remain the primary energy consumer, aggressive policies in energy efficiency, fuel switching to natural gas, and the expansion of renewables and nuclear power can significantly decouple GDP growth from energy consumption and carbon emissions. Specifically, the Green Growth scenario demonstrates that carbon emissions could increase by only 50% compared to more than doubling under a business-as-usual approach, provided there is substantial investment in clean energy infrastructure and rigorous enforcement of efficiency standards across the industrial, transportation, and building sectors.