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This document is a response by the NGO Sandbag to a joint consultation by the UK, Scottish, Welsh, and Northern Irish governments regarding the future of carbon pricing in the UK. Sandbag argues against the creation of a standalone UK Emissions Trading System (ETS), citing risks of high volatility and market failure. Instead, it recommends that the UK remain part of the EU ETS or, if that is not possible, implement a carbon tax with a price floor based on EU ETS averages. The response also suggests expanding carbon pricing to fossil gas and fugitive methane, ending the zero-emissions treatment of large-scale biomass burning, and distributing carbon revenues to citizens as a 'climate dividend'.

This briefing by GreenCape explores how Black Soldier Fly (BSF) agriculture in South Africa can utilize carbon markets to generate revenue and de-risk operations. It details three primary pathways for carbon mitigation—landfill diversion, alternative protein production, and soil carbon sequestration—while outlining the regulatory landscape of South Africa's Carbon Tax Act and the technical challenges of project registration.

This industry brief by GreenCape provides guidance for businesses in the Western Cape on installing behind-the-meter (BTM) solar PV systems to reduce electricity costs and improve energy security. It details financial viability factors, pricing benchmarks for 2025/26, various financing models including Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), and the role of municipal feed-in tariffs and national tax incentives in South Africa.

This 2025 Market Intelligence Report by GreenCape analyzes investment opportunities in South Africa's large-scale renewable energy sector, focusing on private off-taker development and local component manufacturing. It details the shift from public procurement to private power purchase agreements (PPAs), the impact of electricity market liberalisation, and the systemic barriers posed by grid capacity constraints and policy uncertainty.

This report analyzes energy subsidies in South Africa for financial year (FY) 2025, finding that they totaled at least ZAR 198 billion (USD 10.8 billion). The analysis highlights a heavy reliance on fossil fuel subsidies, significant financial bailouts for the state-owned power company Eskom, and inefficiencies in the Free Basic Electricity (FBE) policy. The document recommends a comprehensive action plan for subsidy reform, a financial recovery plan for Eskom, and a redesign of the carbon tax and liquid fuel subsidies to better support low-income households and the energy transition.

This case study examines South Africa's heavy reliance on coal and the resulting fiscal implications for its energy transition. It details the role of state-owned enterprises, the structure of fossil fuel revenues and subsidies, and the government's climate commitments via its Nationally Determined Contribution.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the implementation of carbon pricing mechanisms in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Viet Nam. It details the current legislative status, the deployment of emissions trading systems (ETS), and the challenges associated with carbon taxes and international trade implications, such as the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM).

This fact sheet by the International Institute for Sustainable Development evaluates South Africa's government support for fossil fuels, ranking it as the second-worst performer among G20 non-OECD member countries due to poor transparency and continued backing of coal-based power.

This case study examines the evolution of India's Clean Energy Cess on coal production from 2010 to 2018, detailing its transition from a fund for renewable energy to a mechanism for state budget compensation.

This case study examines the use of consumption taxes on fossil fuels in Saudi Arabia, China, and South Africa to raise government revenue and support clean energy transitions.

This report synthesises case studies from six sub-Saharan African countries to analyse government macroeconomic policy responses to the trade and employment shocks caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. It evaluates these responses against long-term goals of social inclusivity and climate resilience, while proposing strategies for recovery and debt management between 2021 and 2026.

This issue brief by the World Resources Institute and Duke Energy argues that a federal carbon tax on the carbon content of oil, coal, and natural gas would support tax reform, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and enhance energy security in the United States.

The World Resources Institute's 'Putting a Price on Carbon: A Handbook for U.S. Policy Makers' serves as a reference guide on the design, revenue options, and economic impacts of carbon pricing mechanisms, specifically carbon taxes and cap-and-trade programs, to assist in the potential implementation of a national carbon price in the United States.

This working paper uses the India Energy Policy Simulator (EPS), an open-source system dynamics model, to analyze two climate policy scenarios—the NDC-SDG Linkages (NDC-SDG) and Long-Term Decarbonization (LTD)—to identify cost-effective pathways for reducing greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining economic growth in India.

This report by the World Resources Institute outlines a tax-reform strategy centered on carbon taxes to reduce pollution and climate change risks while offsetting economic losses caused by taxes on capital and labor in the United States.

This policy brief proposes a Green Employment Tax Swap (GETS) that uses a $15 per metric ton carbon tax to fund a federal payroll tax rebate on the first $3,660 of worker earnings, aiming for a revenue-neutral and distributionally neutral transition.

This research paper outlines a framework for India's low-carbon growth by calculating the country's fair share of the global carbon budget and modeling decadal milestones for the power, industry, and transport sectors through 2050.

This World Resources Institute fact sheet explains the mechanics of carbon taxes, comparing them to cap-and-trade programs and discussing their economic impacts, implementation in various countries, and political status in the United States.

This fact sheet by WWF South Africa explains the purpose, design, and potential impacts of the South African carbon tax announced in the 2018 budget speech. It outlines how the tax aims to shift costs from society to polluters to drive a transition toward a low-carbon economy, while expressing concern that current tax rates and allowances are too low to effectively incentivize emission reductions.