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The Smallholder Forestry Vehicle is a proposed financial instrument designed to enable forestry companies in Africa to access long-term, low-cost finance by aggregating smallholder tree production contracts into a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV). By separating the high-risk establishment and harvest phases from the lower-risk growth phase, the vehicle aims to attract institutional investors, including pension funds and impact investors. A proof-of-concept facility targeting US$ 35 million in coastal Kenya is proposed to demonstrate risk-adjusted returns and climate resilience benefits, such as land restoration and diversified income for farmers. The analysis suggests that the instrument can leverage significant private capital and be replicated across other East African nations to meet land restoration targets.

The Socio-Climate Benefits Fund (SCBF) is a proposed investment vehicle designed to combat small-scale deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. It operates by funding a 'New Company' that provides upfront capital, technical training, and market access to smallholders who implement sustainable agroforestry systems (SAFs) on their land. The model utilizes a vertical integration approach, similar to poultry or swine supply chains, where the New Company and smallholders co-own the harvest. The initial pilot targets the state of Acre, aiming to restore 12,000 hectares of forest and engage up to 3,000 properties over a decade. The fund seeks a mix of grants, concessional debt, and equity to overcome barriers such as lack of long-term finance and market access for small-scale farmers.

The document outlines four key actions for state, provincial, and regional governments to address land use's role in climate change: sustainable land management, open space conservation, agricultural methane capture, and regenerative agriculture. It emphasizes that land use is best managed at the subnational level to capture rural impacts and cross-jurisdictional effects, noting that while agriculture, forestry, and other land use account for 24% of global emissions, the sector can offset this by 20% through carbon removal.

The guide outlines how urban gardens in the UK can mitigate the urban heat island effect, reduce energy consumption, and lower carbon footprints through strategic planting, water conservation, composting, and home-grown food production.

The statement by Friends of the Earth International asserts that the current economic system, driven by unlimited growth and profit, is the root cause of the climate crisis and associated social injustices. It advocates for a systemic transition involving the dismantling of capitalist accumulation, the implementation of a just energy transition with public and community ownership, the adoption of agroecology for food sovereignty, and the recognition of community rights over forests to protect biodiversity.

Danone aims for full value-chain carbon neutrality by 2050, with intermediate 2030 targets to reduce scope 1, 2, and 3 emission intensity by 50% and achieve a 30% absolute reduction in scope 1 and 2 emissions. As of 2017, the company's total greenhouse gas emissions were 21.6 million tons, with 93.2% originating from Scope 3. Key initiatives include transitioning to 100% renewable electricity via RE100, implementing regenerative agricultural practices with 140,000 global farmers, and utilizing the Cool Farm Tool for farm-level quantification. Specific projects include a carbon-neutral evian bottling site powered by hydro-electric energy and the Livelihoods Carbon Fund, which supports mangrove restoration in Senegal, Indonesia, and India.

The project aims to reduce climate-related disaster risks in Nepal's West Seti sub-river basin by implementing integrated sub-watershed adaptation and management plans (SWAMPs) and enhancing the resilience of large-scale infrastructure. It seeks USD 25 million from the Green Climate Fund to benefit approximately 494,116 people, with a total project cost of USD 40 million. Key activities include forest restoration, the installation of solar micro-grids and improved cook stoves, and the establishment of a performance-based climate resilience grants system for local governments.

The document examines the role of marine protected areas (MPAs) in South Africa, highlighting that current protection levels (0.4% of the mainland EEZ) are insufficient to mitigate anthropogenic threats and climate change. It advocates for reaching a 10% protection target by 2020 and supporting a '30% by 2030' goal. The brief details how MPAs provide climate mitigation services, such as carbon sequestration in seagrasses and coastal buffering via mangroves and coral reefs, while supporting fisheries through the 'spillover effect'. It identifies significant challenges, including conflicts with oil and gas exploration—which occupies over 90% of the continental EEZ—and the need to resolve customary rights and restitution claims for displaced communities.

The document argues that tropical forests, mangroves, and peatlands can provide 23 percent of the cost-effective mitigation needed by 2030 to limit warming to 2°C. It highlights that deforestation impacts the climate not only through carbon emissions but also through non-radiative forcings like disrupted water cycles and surface albedo changes, which can lead to hotter and drier conditions locally and continentally. The authors emphasize that while reforestation has high potential, it faces uncertainties regarding land availability and competition with food security, whereas avoiding deforestation provides more certain mitigation benefits.

Carbon Market Watch alerts international partners to the DRC's plans to lift the moratorium on new logging concessions and secretly revise its Forest Code. The organization argues these moves, including the awarding of three concessions covering 6,500 square kilometres, threaten environmental and climatic stability, specifically peatswamps, and undermine international initiatives like CAFI and REDD+. It calls for the immediate suspension of forestry funding until a transparent process is established.

The document argues that the Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines has the jurisdiction to investigate 'Carbon Majors'—major fossil fuel and cement producers—for their role in climate change. It asserts that these companies contributed significantly to global warming despite knowing the risks, thereby violating fundamental human rights including the rights to life, health, food, and water. The amici argue that under the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and the 'Polluter Pays' principle, these corporations are accountable for the resulting damages. The text also outlines state obligations under international law and the Public Trust Doctrine to protect citizens from environmental harm and to seek natural resource damages for atmospheric recovery.

The document argues that the Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines has the jurisdiction to investigate the 'Carbon Majors'—major fossil fuel companies—for their role in driving climate change and subsequent human rights violations. It asserts that these companies knew of the climate risks associated with their products for decades but promoted misinformation. The briefs argue that climate change threatens fundamental rights in the Philippines, including the rights to life, health, food, and water, and that these companies should be held accountable under the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and the 'Polluter Pays' principle.

The report estimates the annual economic value of ecological goods and services from Manitoba's community pastures at CAD 13,349,646, driven primarily by forage production and carbon sequestration. It argues that these lands provide critical benefits including habitat protection, carbon storage, and water quality improvement, while recommending enhanced monitoring systems to better quantify these public benefits for future policy decisions.

The report introduces Sustainable Land Bonds (SLBs), which are sovereign bonds used to finance low-carbon land management. Unlike standard bonds, SLBs are paired with Results-Based Payment (RBP) agreements where third parties offset interest costs if the issuing country meets specific emission reduction targets. This model aims to help tropical forest countries achieve their Paris Agreement Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) while stimulating rural economic growth and attracting institutional investment.

The report assesses the ecological goods and services (EGS) of 19 community pastures in Manitoba, Canada. It determines that these lands provide a total economic value ranging from $10.52 million to $18.88 million per year, depending on carbon pricing scenarios. The primary drivers of this value are forage production and carbon sequestration. The study emphasizes that sustainable management practices, such as rotational grazing, are essential for maintaining these benefits, which include biodiversity support, water retention, and rural economic development.

The project aims to protect the Koubri and Bakata municipalities in Burkina Faso from rainwater floods and climate shocks. It proposes a 9.99 million USD investment to plant 10 million trees, protect nine dams, and improve rural infrastructure. The initiative focuses on institutional capacity building, physical investments in agro-forestry and water supply, and environmental management to benefit approximately 100,000 residents.

The agriculture and land sectors (AFOLU) contribute approximately 24% of total GHG emissions, but also sequester about one third of annual anthropogenic emissions. While technical potentials for mitigation are high—with some estimates suggesting up to 23.8 GtCO2e yr-1 through conservation and restoration—significant uncertainties remain regarding the persistence of carbon sinks and the practical implementation of large-scale removals. Achieving Paris Agreement goals requires a combination of reducing deforestation, sustainable land intensification, and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies, though these are often hindered by institutional, economic, and socio-cultural barriers rather than just technical limitations.

The document identifies five critical areas for legal reform to prevent illegal forest conversion: land allocation, clearance permits, conversion timber rules, environmental protections, and community rights. It highlights how contradictory laws, lack of transparency, and failure to recognize customary land tenure lead to uncontrolled deforestation and social conflict. The toolkit uses case studies from nine tropical countries to illustrate legal gaps and provides checklists for policy-makers to ensure comprehensive and enforceable regulations.

The Socio-Climate Benefits Fund (SCBF) is designed to combat small-scale deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon by providing long-term investment and technical training to smallholders for the implementation of agroforestry systems. The instrument operates through an investment vehicle that establishes a company to manage Rural Partnership Agreements, providing upfront capital and inputs in exchange for a share of the harvest. The fund aims to increase smallholder income by at least 58% for 1-hectare implementations and 234% for 4-hectare expansions, while storing ten times more carbon than current degraded pasture vegetation over 20 years. The financial structure requires a total of $13.1 million, comprising a $1.5 million grant, $5 million in commercial equity, and $6.6 million in concessional debt across first-loss and senior tranches.

The Responsible Commodities Facility (RCF) aims to redirect agricultural production in the Brazilian Cerrado to degraded lands to prevent further deforestation. It will provide low-cost crop financing and land restoration loans to 600 farms, targeting a cumulative lending amount of over US$ 3 billion over 10 years. The facility intends to generate over US$ 20 billion worth of deforestation-free soy and corn, utilizing green bonds for funding and a blockchain registry for traceability. The project expects to restore 1.2 million hectares of degraded land, potentially avoiding or sequestering up to 55 million tonnes of carbon emissions.