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The report provides a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis of 40 low-carbon interventions in Mexico, focusing on electricity, oil and gas, end-use energy, transport, and agriculture and forestry. It argues that Mexico can stabilize its greenhouse gas emissions at 2008 levels by 2030 while maintaining economic growth, provided it overcomes institutional and regulatory barriers. The study highlights 'win-win' interventions with positive economic returns and significant co-benefits for public health and energy security.

The report argues that Europe can lead a global transition to an eco-efficient economy by synchronising climate, energy, and industrial policies. It examines sector-specific experiences in energy efficiency, district heating, biofuels, renewable electricity, automotive, chemicals, and steel to demonstrate that environmental regulation can drive innovation and competitiveness. The authors propose a strategic agenda focusing on resource systems efficiency, new technology markets, and global carbon pricing, supported by hybrid governance arrangements and a systems-based approach to policy evidence.

The study examines the co-decision procedure involving the European Commission, the European Parliament (EP), and the Council of the EU. It finds that informal processes, such as coalition-building and the leadership of the French Presidency, exerted more influence on the final policy outcome than formal rules. While the EP pushed for stricter social and environmental sustainability criteria, the final agreement largely reflected the economic and rational interests of the Commission and the Council, with the Council emerging as the most dominant actor.

The report details the inception phase of the Swedish International Agricultural Network Initiative (SIANI), initiated by Sida. A scoping assessment involving 142 people from 91 organizations identified significant sectoral fragmentation and a decline in the recognition of agricultural competence within Swedish development cooperation. The document outlines four controversial key issues: agricultural systems for the 21st century, trade and markets, land use conflicts, and food safety and security. To address these, it proposes a network structure featuring six key functions, including facilitating inter-sectoral initiatives and providing policy implementation feedback. The proposed design includes Cluster Groups, a Steering Committee, and a Secretariat, utilizing implementing mechanisms such as Strategic Initiatives and Dialogues on Sustainable Agricultural Development to operationalize the Policy for Global Development (PGD) in Sweden.

The document defines indigenous peoples as descendants of original inhabitants who maintain distinct social, cultural, and political systems, often facing marginalization and poverty. It highlights the 2007 UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) as a critical framework for protecting their rights to languages, education, and media. A central theme is the protection of 'traditional environmental knowledge' and the right of indigenous communities to control their intellectual property and cultural heritage. The guide also discusses the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in overcoming isolation, citing examples like the Kiechwa Satellite Network and the proposed Continental Indigenous Network in Central and South America to enable grassroots broadcasting in local languages.

The IAI Directorate reports progress on the CRN II and SGP-HD programs, highlighting the development of a Latin American phenology network and increased stakeholder engagement in climate change planning. The report details significant academic achievements, including Nobel Peace Prize recognition for IPCC authors, and outlines capacity-building efforts through training institutes and regional workshops in the Andes and La Plata Basin. It also notes the establishment of new country contacts and institutional partnerships to strengthen climate research and policy integration across the Americas.

The report analyzes China's biofuels sector, focusing on the transition from grain-based ethanol to non-grain feedstocks grown on marginal land. It finds that government subsidies, including direct payments and tax exemptions, are essential for the industry's viability but may undermine food security, increase food prices, and cause environmental degradation. The authors conclude that biofuels have a negligible impact on China's energy security and recommend eliminating direct production subsidies.

The document presents a collection of data points from multiple research organizations arguing that renewable energy (RE) and energy efficiency (EE) sectors generate more employment per unit of energy or investment than fossil fuels. It highlights national and state-level projections in the US, such as the potential for 4.2 million new green jobs by 2038, and international examples from Germany, Spain, Brazil, and India. Specific technology sectors—including wind, solar, biofuels, and geothermal—are detailed alongside the impact of policy mechanisms like Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) and investment tax credits.

This executive summary by Friends of the Earth challenges the Malaysian Palm Oil Council's (MPOC) claims that Malaysian palm oil is sustainable. It argues that expansion, particularly in Sarawak, is driving tropical deforestation, the destruction of peat lands, and human rights violations against indigenous peoples like the Penan. The report highlights the role of European and American bio-energy targets in driving this demand and calls for the EU to abandon its 10% biofuel target and for the Malaysian government to recognize Native Customary Rights and enforce a zero-burning policy.

The report argues that the Malaysian palm oil industry's claims of sustainability are misleading, citing evidence of widespread deforestation, illegal open burning on peatlands, and the systemic violation of indigenous land rights in Sarawak. It highlights the 'carbon debt' created by converting peat forests to plantations and criticizes the lack of public participation in Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs). The document calls for the EU to abandon biofuel targets that drive this demand and for the Malaysian government to recognize Native Customary Rights (NCR).

The report analyzes how global warming affects Pennsylvania's environment and economy, projecting severe risks under a higher-emissions scenario, such as the disappearance of snowmobiling, declines in dairy and fruit yields, and increased urban heat stress. It advocates for a transition to clean energy, citing Pennsylvania's role as the third-highest fossil fuel emitter in the U.S., and suggests specific adaptation strategies for infrastructure and natural resources.

The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) warns that using food crops like corn and soybeans for biofuels increases food prices, degrades ecosystems, and can raise global warming pollution through land conversion. The UCS advocates for a shift toward 'better' biofuels derived from waste or non-food biomass, supported by a low-carbon fuel standard and performance-based public funding. While the 2007 Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) provides a foundation by requiring pollution reductions from new facilities, the UCS argues for broader sustainability criteria to prevent deforestation and protect biodiversity.

The 2007 Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) aims to reduce global warming pollution from U.S. transportation fuels by mandating renewable fuel use and requiring life-cycle carbon reductions for new facilities. While it targets a reduction of 6 percent in pollution from cars and light trucks by 2022, the Union of Concerned Scientists warns that a loophole exempting most corn ethanol and the lack of regulation for other fossil fuels could negate these benefits. The document advocates for a low-carbon fuel standard to regulate the entire fuel market.

The report argues that the drive for agrofuels in Latin America is based on a cash-crop model of intensive monocultures that benefits large landowners and international agribusiness while causing widespread deforestation, water shortages, and human rights abuses. In Brazil, sugarcane expansion is linked to slave-like working conditions and the displacement of family farms. Argentina's soy-based biodiesel industry has led to significant deforestation and the concentration of land ownership, with 46% of production controlled by 2.2% of producers. In Colombia, oil palm expansion is associated with paramilitary violence and the forced displacement of Afro-descendant and indigenous communities. Central American countries, including Costa Rica, Guatemala, and El Salvador, are increasing production to meet US and EU demand, which the report warns will exacerbate child labour and food insecurity. The document highlights the influence of multilateral banks like the IADB and the World Bank, and corporations such as Cargill and Bunge, in financing and driving this transition.

The report analyzes the 'agrofuel offensive' in Latin America, focusing on Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Colombia, and Central American nations (Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Guatemala). It argues that the rapid expansion of monocultures for biofuels is driven by Northern demand and supported by government subsidies and international finance, leading to widespread deforestation, land concentration, and human rights abuses. Key findings include the use of slave-like labor in Brazilian sugarcane fields, the displacement of indigenous and Afro-descendant communities in Colombia for palm oil, and the loss of food security as food crops are replaced by energy crops. The document highlights the role of transnational corporations and international financial institutions in funding these developments while local populations face increased poverty and environmental degradation.

The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) analyzes various technology studies to demonstrate that U.S. passenger vehicles can cost-effectively reach a fleet average of approximately 40 mpg by 2020 using conventional technology and over 50 mpg by 2030 with hybrid-electric technology. The report criticizes the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) historical use of marginal cost-marginal benefit (MCMB) analysis, which often undervalues environmental and security benefits, and recommends a total cost-total benefit (TCTB) approach to set more aggressive standards.

The document examines two types of standards used to mitigate climate change: product-based energy performance standards and labels, and standards based on processes and production methods (PPMs). It argues that while product standards are highly cost-effective and widely used to correct market failures, PPM-based measures are more controversial in trade law due to concerns over protectionism and impacts on developing countries. The authors advocate for international harmonization of testing and certification procedures and increased technical and financial assistance for Southern exporters to ensure climate goals do not create unfair trade barriers.

This briefing by Friends of the Earth International contends that forests provide value beyond carbon sequestration and warns that integrating REDD into carbon markets threatens indigenous land rights and climate goals. It advocates for direct funding of community-led conservation, the recognition of territorial rights for over one billion forest-dependent people, and a shift in responsibility toward industrialized nations to reduce emissions and address the root causes of deforestation, such as biofuels and industrial extraction.

The fact sheet contends that treating forests primarily as carbon sinks undermines biodiversity and the rights of indigenous peoples. It argues against the use of carbon markets and REDD, suggesting instead that industrialized nations provide direct financial support and address the root causes of deforestation, such as industrial logging and unsustainable consumption of meat and paper.

The report criticizes the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) for promoting a 'flawed model' of large-scale, export-oriented agrofuels in Latin America and the Caribbean. It argues that these projects, driven by demand from the US and Europe, lead to deforestation, biodiversity loss, and human rights abuses, such as violent land grabs in Colombia. The document asserts that agrofuels are not a viable climate solution due to land-use emissions and calls for the IDB to shift funding toward small-scale, local energy projects and truly clean renewables like wind and solar.