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This case study by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the Campoalegre river basin in Colombia to demonstrate the limitations of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) when based solely on geographic watershed boundaries. Using coffee production and hydroelectric power as examples, the document argues for a 'Water without Borders' approach that accounts for multiscalar tele-connections, such as global agricultural markets and cumulative downstream impacts, which operate beyond local basin limits.

Phaesun and partners implemented solar-powered milk cooling systems in Kenya to reduce post-harvest losses for smallholder dairy farmers. By deploying the 'Milky Way' and 'SelfChill' modular technologies, the project reduced milk losses by approximately 25% across 10 farms and cooperatives, increasing income for at least 50 people while eliminating operational CO2 emissions.

This policy brief examines the implementation of gender-responsive budgeting (GRB) in Nepal, highlighting the gap between national mandates and local execution. It argues that integrating gender-responsive budgeting with climate budget codes is essential to enhance the adaptive capacity of women, particularly in the agrarian sector, and recommends capacity building for local leaders and improved monitoring of expenditure impacts.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development argues that gender equality is a prerequisite for achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It highlights how systemic barriers, discriminatory laws, and the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on women hinder environmental and social progress, while demonstrating that women's leadership in natural resource governance and climate action leads to more effective and sustainable outcomes.

This policy brief by the South African Institute of International Affairs examines the role of agriculture in the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) of Southern African countries. It argues that while agriculture is often mentioned, NDCs frequently lack quantifiable commitments, detailed financing plans, and the active inclusion of farmers. The document provides recommendations for strengthening these climate policies to better support farmers' interests and enhance the agency of national farmers' organisations (NFOs).

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the impact of rural credit on agricultural production and land use across Brazilian biomes from 2002 to 2018. It finds that increased credit supply generally boosts agricultural production and productivity while reducing deforestation pressures, particularly in the Amazon and Cerrado, by shifting land use from pasture to crops.

This briefing by the Stockholm Environment Institute describes Thailand's strategic promotion of a bioeconomy to overcome the middle-income trap, reduce social inequality, and mitigate environmental impacts. It focuses on the industrial use of sugarcane and cassava to create value-added products like biofuels and bioplastics, while highlighting regulatory hurdles, land and water scarcity, and social issues such as low wages and food insecurity.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative/Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes the role of rural credit policy in Brazil as a tool for increasing agricultural productivity while reducing deforestation. It argues that improving the efficiency and sustainability alignment of rural credit can allow Brazil to expand food production without further area expansion, leveraging existing cleared lands.

The 'Responsible Investments in Agriculture and Food Systems' handbook is a practical guide designed for parliamentarians and parliamentary advisors to foster a transparent and coherent enabling environment for agricultural investments that yield social, economic, cultural, and environmental benefits.

This case study by the World Resources Institute (WRI) examines climate adaptation strategies for coffee-farming communities in Costa Rica, focusing specifically on the Coto Brus region. It identifies key resilience factors, provides six strategic recommendations for the sector, and highlights successful adaptation practices in other Latin American coffee-producing countries.

This policy briefing by the South African Institute of International Affairs argues that increasing electricity access, particularly through decentralized solar mini-grids, is critical to unlocking agricultural productivity and job creation in Africa. Using Uganda as a case study, the document highlights a significant 'value-addition gap' where low productivity and poor post-harvest infrastructure limit economic growth. It recommends a coordinated approach combining energy infrastructure with the reform of agricultural cooperatives, expanded access to micro- and commercial finance, and targeted micro-enterprise training for rural farmers.

This policy brief examines a case study from Edem Ani, Enugu State, Nigeria, to test the SEI Tandem framework for co-designing climate services. The project highlighted a critical need for localized, actionable climate and soil information to assist farmers with planting and harvesting schedules. It emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between direct users (farmers) and those who implement measures (government, NGOs), and suggests that the Tandem framework be expanded to include questions on inter-governmental coordination and synergies between adaptation and mitigation.

This report by Friends of the Earth International argues that the destruction of the Amazon, specifically the 2019 fires, is a result of corporate power and the expansion of the agricultural frontier. It contends that the Free Trade Agreement between Mercosur and the European Union (EU) will accelerate this process by increasing demand for raw materials, facilitating land appropriation, and strengthening a 'corporate impunity' architecture that protects transnational companies while violating the rights of indigenous and traditional peoples.

This outcome document summarizes the findings of the Marrakech Partnership Global Climate Action-MPGCA Agrifood Roundtable held on 5 December 2019 during UNFCCC COP 25. The document argues that radical transformation of the agri-food system is a priority climate solution, noting that the sector has the potential to sequester at least 30% of greenhouse gases (GHG).

This research paper discusses the environmental cost of Brazil's agricultural expansion and proposes four coordinated strategies to increase production and social welfare while reducing deforestation.

This white paper by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the relationship between livestock productivity and pasture area in Brazil. It argues that increasing productivity is essential to grow meat production without further deforestation in the Amazon and Cerrado, identifying a negative correlation where smaller pasture proportions often relate to higher productivity.

This report analyses the development trajectories of the G5 Sahel countries (Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger) to 2040 using the International Futures (IFs) forecasting system. It identifies critical challenges in agriculture, demographics, infrastructure, and governance, while comparing a 'Current Path' forecast against a positive 'Desert Flower' scenario and a dystopian 'Sahelistan' scenario.

This research paper maps the policy landscape for off-grid solar irrigation in India, highlighting that a lack of coordination across the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus can undermine policy effectiveness. It specifically examines policies at the central level and in Bihar and Rajasthan, recommending that the PM-KUSUM scheme be carefully monitored and integrated with sustainable groundwater management to avoid negative environmental impacts while leveraging benefits like reduced electricity subsidies and increased farmer income.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute outlines five strategies to reduce the food system's impact on freshwater resources, highlighting the disparity between the water people drink and the water required to produce their food.

A research paper quantifying tropical deforestation emissions from 2010–2014, finding that agriculture and forestry expansion caused ~2.6 gigatonnes CO2 per year. The study highlights that 29%–39% of these emissions were driven by international trade, with cattle and oilseeds as primary drivers and the EU and China as major importers.