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The report finds that while the 2022 consultation law has enabled some marginal influence, it often fails to provide meaningful impact on central issues. Major deficiencies include late involvement of Sámi representatives, inadequate timeframes, and a tendency for authorities to delegate responsibility to third-party applicants. The study highlights a significant 'educational burden' placed on Sámi parties to explain the law to officials and notes that many critical land-use matters remain exempt from the law's scope.

The document argues that policy incoherence is driven not by poor coordination, but by power asymmetries, vested interests, and the prioritization of economic growth over social and environmental goals. Based on research in nine countries, it finds that fossil-fuel interests consistently drive incoherence and that vulnerable groups disproportionately bear the resulting burdens. It calls for a post-2030 framework that moves beyond 'synergies' to address distributional consequences and cross-border spillovers.

The study evaluated emissions from charcoal, kerosene, LPG, and electricity in Kibera, Nairobi. It found that charcoal and kerosene produce the highest concentrations of pollutants, while LPG and electricity produce low concentrations. Ambient PM2.5 levels in the households were 14.2 times higher than the World Health Organization's 24-hour threshold.

The study identifies coastal upwelling events in the western San Matías Gulf, Argentina, noting approximately six upwelling-favorable wind events per year during the austral summer. Satellite sea surface temperature (SST) data confirmed upwelling in 85% of cases between 2000 and 2008, with specific events showing cold water bands approximately 10 km wide and 100 km long. In-situ data indicates that along-shore wind stress is the dominant process controlling high-frequency near-shore temperature fluctuations.

The study evaluates the EAF/Co-M framework in Uruguay's yellow clam fishery, finding that it improved stock abundance, biomass, and social-ecological conditions without negatively impacting the stock. Key outcomes included stable exploitation rates below 25%, increased revenues per unit of effort, and a significant rise in women's participation in the fishing activity.

The study found that copepod biomass and production in the coastal upwelling zone off central-southern Chile decreased from 2004 to 2006, coinciding with a shift from large-sized to small-sized species and more persistent upwelling. While annual copepod production ranged from 24 to 52 g C m-2 year-1, the researchers suggest that increased wind-driven upwelling may lead to a negative trend in zooplankton biomass due to increased offshore advection.

A study of the western Pampas from 2008 to 2013 found that while topography determines absolute water table position and crop choice can partially modulate seasonal fluctuations, inter-annual groundwater dynamics are predominantly driven by climate variability.

The report tracks 21 high-quality clothing items deposited in take-back bins of ten major fashion brands across the UK, France, Belgium, and Germany using Airtag trackers. The findings reveal a significant gap between corporate claims of 'closing the loop' and reality: many items in excellent condition were downcycled, incinerated, or exported to African markets where they often end up in landfills. The study highlights a failure in sorting processes and argues that these schemes often encourage further consumption through discount vouchers while providing consumers with a false sense of environmental responsibility. The authors call for stronger Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) legislation in the EU to regulate waste exports and mandate reductions in overproduction.

The report documents the extensive and lasting impacts of the Boliden mine (operated 1976–1988) and the resulting road infrastructure on the Voernese sameby. Key findings highlight significant pasture loss, increased costs and workload for herders due to tourism and traffic, and the marginalization of Sámi knowledge in decision-making processes. The study argues that the state's failure to protect Sámi rights allows colonial exploitation of resources to persist, as evidenced by inadequate compensation and the ongoing pressure from new mining proposals by Vilhelmina Mineral.

The study finds that integrating indigenous chicken enterprises with crop-based climate-smart agriculture practices, such as improved maize seeds and soil management, significantly increases farm income and reduces food insecurity for smallholder farmers in semi-arid Kenya compared to adopting single technologies.

Research on cattle pastures in the Brazilian Pantanal reveals that seasonally flooded pastures are significant net emitters of CO2 carbon, particularly during aerobic phases, suggesting that improved livestock management and drought-resistant grasses could mitigate these emissions.

The report examines how services—ranging from R&D and IT to waste management and repair—enable circular economy business models. Based on a survey of 96 firms, it finds that approximately 70% of circular service providers export their services, often via digital means (Mode 1) or foreign subsidiaries (Mode 3). The study highlights that micro and small enterprises are disproportionately active in this trade. Key barriers identified include divergent national regulations on waste and secondary materials, as well as data flow restrictions. The authors argue for an integrated trade policy that liberalizes both goods and services simultaneously to accelerate the global transition to a circular economy.

The document highlights the success of Brazil's monitoring and enforcement strategy, specifically the DETER system, in reducing Amazon deforestation. It provides evidence that these measures avoided significant forest loss between 2007 and 2016 without harming agricultural productivity. The brief warns that proposed budget cuts to these systems could lead to a 45% increase in deforestation and urges the federal government to restore financial and institutional support.

The ACT project examines how cultural and religious diversity shapes active citizenship in Oslo and Copenhagen. It argues that normative definitions of 'good citizenship' often overlook informal, private, and religious forms of engagement. The research highlights that socio-economic divisions within cities often create more significant differences in civic participation than national differences between Norway and Denmark. It also explores the role of life events, such as trauma or exclusion, as catalysts for civic action and proposes 'moderate inclusivism' as a framework for integrating religious arguments into public deliberation.

The report finds a significant gap between the essential role women play in local conflict resolution and their near-absence from national peace mechanisms, such as those established by the Algiers Accord. While women often act as mediators and influencers within their communities, their participation is frequently circumstantial, irregular, and constrained by traditional and religious norms that confine them to the domestic sphere. The study highlights a widespread lack of knowledge regarding the Algiers Accord and UN Security Council Resolution 1325 among the general population, particularly women who are not part of formal associations. It argues that sustainable peace requires the empowerment of women, the engagement of traditional and religious leaders as allies, and the creation of decentralized structures to integrate local female expertise into national peace discussions.

The report examines the 'moonlighting' of ICJ judges in ISDS arbitrations, noting that 20 judges have served in at least 90 such cases. It highlights the significant financial incentives for judges to act as arbitrators compared to their fixed ICJ salaries and argues that this practice may undermine the ICJ's reputation for impartiality and independence.

The report finds that while Kenyan women are rarely direct perpetrators of violent acts, they provide critical 'invisible infrastructure' for al-Shabaab through recruiting, intelligence gathering, and logistics. Involvement is driven by a complex interplay of poverty, socio-political marginalisation, and personal relationships. The study highlights severe impacts on women, including sexual violence in camps and psychological trauma from terror attacks and heavy-handed counter-terrorism (CT) operations. Current P/CVE responses are criticised for being gender-neutral and overly securitised, leading to mistrust between the state and affected communities.

The study finds that the penetration of flex-fuel vehicles increased competition among fuel stations, leading to a reduction in retail prices and margins for both ethanol and gasoline. The effect was more pronounced for ethanol. While the price correlation between the two fuels increased, the authors found no strong evidence that the price spread between gasoline and ethanol decreased as flex-fuel adoption grew. Structural estimation suggests that pass-through from costs to prices is approximately 0.5, consistent with oligopoly theory.

The study finds that ethnic civil wars have indeed declined since the mid-1990s, supporting Ted Robert Gurr's projections. The authors demonstrate that this pacifying trend is associated with increased government accommodation, specifically through the granting of group rights, power-sharing, and democratization, which reduce the probability of conflict onset. Additionally, regional autonomy and peacekeeping operations are found to significantly increase the likelihood of conflict termination. Out-of-sample predictions show that a theory-driven model based on accommodative politics far outperforms a simple time-trend model in predicting the actual decline of ethnic conflict from 2000 to 2013.

This research paper examines the role of investment contracts in promoting responsible large-scale agricultural investments in developing countries. Drawing on empirical evidence from 39 projects in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia, it identifies five key positive effects—such as employment creation and outgrower schemes—and five key negative impacts, including land loss and poor environmental management. The document proposes specific legal options and contractual clauses to ensure these investments contribute to sustainable development, emphasizing the importance of feasibility studies, community development agreements, and transparent grievance mechanisms.