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Global Witness reports that Mondelez has shifted from supporting the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) to actively lobbying for its weakening and delay. The company has engaged with US Ambassador to the EU Andrew Puzder, joined the American Chamber of Commerce to the EU, and targeted conservative MEPs and government officials in France, Germany, Ireland, and Luxembourg. This lobbying occurs despite Mondelez's lack of transparency regarding its deforestation-free cocoa supply and its links to forest destruction in West Africa.

The meat industry is identified as responsible for two-thirds or more of Australia's annual deforestation of over 700,000 acres. This land clearing, driven by cattle production for export to markets including the US, Japan, and Korea, results in the annual death or displacement of 50 to 100 million native animals and contributes to the degradation of the Great Barrier Reef through erosion and runoff. The author highlights a 'loophole' where Australian beef is often exempt from the conservation policies that companies apply to other regions like the Amazon.

The brief contends that the Department of Defense is violating the Administrative Procedure Act and statutory obligations by refusing to conduct reviews for over 100 utility-scale wind projects. It argues this freeze is a pretext for the Trump Administration's animus toward wind energy, which will result in increased electricity prices, higher pollution levels, and greater greenhouse gas emissions.

The report argues that Wales represents a significant untapped opportunity for abandoned mine methane (AMM) recovery, accounting for approximately half of the UK's modelled AMM emissions. While the UK has 16 operational AMM sites generating £2.3 million in gross profit, Wales has no active projects. The document highlights that South Wales anthracite coalfields are among the most methane-rich in Britain, with potential to generate 880 GWh of electricity and £19.5 million in profit by 2050. However, growth is hindered by a reliance on outdated 2010 DEFRA estimates and a lack of direct, site-level measurement. The report recommends that the Welsh Government mandate direct measurement, prohibit routine venting and flaring, and introduce financial incentives such as guaranteed tariffs and tax credits, citing successful models in France and Germany.

Nigeria's economy is heavily reliant on oil, which accounts for roughly 50% of the national budget and over 90% of foreign exchange earnings. This dependency has led to 'Dutch Disease', severe environmental degradation in the Niger Delta, and fiscal fragility due to oil price volatility. With global oil demand projected to peak by 2030, the report argues for an urgent transition. It recommends diversifying into solar and hydro power, agro-processing, green manufacturing, and the digital economy. Key policy proposals include establishing a National Economic Diversification Master Plan, redirecting fossil fuel subsidy savings toward green investment, and joining a Fossil Fuel Treaty to secure transition finance and debt resolution.

The document details the global lithium landscape, highlighting the dominance of Australia, Chile, and China in mining and refining. It analyzes the shift in demand toward battery manufacturing, which now accounts for 87% of total lithium use, and examines the technical pathways for extraction, including brine-based, hard-rock, and emerging clay-based methods. The report also addresses geopolitical risks, such as export bans in Zimbabwe, and environmental concerns, specifically water scarcity in producing regions and the GHG emissions intensity of different processing routes.

The document argues that Indonesia's critical minerals industry, particularly nickel, is characterized by 'green extractivism' where global decarbonization narratives mask local ecological destruction and human rights abuses. It highlights the role of National Strategic Projects (PSN) in bypassing environmental protections and the heavy dominance of Chinese capital and technology in the supply chain. The report documents severe impacts including fatal workplace accidents, massive deforestation in North Maluku, health crises such as spikes in respiratory infections, and the systemic impoverishment of local communities.

European agriculture's heavy reliance on synthetic nitrogen fertiliser, produced primarily from natural gas, creates a direct link between energy price shocks and food costs. Analysis of 17 EU member states from 2019-2024 reveals that EUR 16.4 billion was spent on fertiliser that was never taken up by crops, with EUR 6.1 billion spent on the embedded natural gas for that wasted input. Environmental damage from synthetic nitrogen application during this period is estimated at EUR 233.7 billion, dominated by water pollution. The report argues that reducing synthetic nitrogen use by up to 43% through precision management and legume integration could save farmers up to EUR 5.08 billion annually and significantly reduce gas dependency. Modeling shows that the post-Ukraine invasion energy crisis pushed wheat prices up by approximately 22%, establishing a lasting structural link between energy and food prices.

The SAVi assessment finds that full electrification of Ulaanbaatar's bus fleet provides USD 26.3 million in net savings and benefits over 25 years, primarily driven by avoided fuel costs and lower maintenance. These benefits increase substantially if paired with a modal shift from private cars to public transport, potentially reaching USD 774.8 million if 10% of car users switch. The transition involves expanding the current fleet of 90 electric buses to 1,303 vehicles to meet national targets of 70% electrification by 2050.

Mighty Earth CEO Glenn Hurowitz warns that JBS, the world's largest meat company, is expanding its industrial model into Africa, securing 4,600 square miles of land in Nigeria for six meat-processing plants. The note highlights JBS's history of deforestation in the Amazon and Cerrado, labor abuses, and pollution, while noting a legal challenge by Greenpeace Netherlands to force disclosure of the company's climate and human rights policies. Mighty Earth is targeting JBS's global retail customers, such as Ahold Delhaize and Stop & Shop, to pressure the company into changing its practices.

In 2025, global coal capacity increased by 3.5% while production fell by 0.6%, as coal is increasingly used as 'system insurance' rather than a primary energy source. This trend is most prominent in China and India, where renewables are meeting new demand despite record coal plant commissioning. Globally, the number of countries proposing new coal plants dropped to 32. In Indonesia, coal expansion continues through 'captive' plants for nickel and aluminium industries, reaching 20 GW, while national energy plans (RUKN and RUPTL) are criticized for maintaining fossil fuel dependency and lacking a clear phase-out roadmap despite official net-zero commitments.

The assessment finds that electrifying Ulaanbaatar's bus fleet is economically viable, with a discounted net benefit of MNT 93,355 million (USD 26.3 million) and a benefit-to-cost ratio (BCR) of 1.09 over 25 years. The primary economic drivers are avoided fuel costs and lower maintenance requirements. These benefits increase substantially if electrification is paired with a modal shift from private vehicles to public transport; a 10% shift would raise the BCR to 3.63 and net benefits to USD 774.8 million. The analysis emphasizes that traditional valuations often underestimate such projects by ignoring environmental and social externalities like air and noise pollution.

The document details the global cobalt market, highlighting the extreme concentration of mine production in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and refining in China. It examines the shift toward battery-enabled end-uses, the role of Chinese investment in global supply, and the social risks associated with artisanal mining in the DRC.

This report by Energy Innovation analyzes the economic and environmental potential of electrifying industrial heat in India, arguing that solar-powered electrification is often the cheapest energy option and can significantly reduce pollution and energy use.

The 2026 Middle East crisis, triggered by conflict in Iran, caused a spike in oil and gas prices and led some Southeast Asian nations to switch from gas to coal for electricity. However, the report argues that coal is not insulated from geopolitical shocks and carries high hidden health and climate costs. Analysis shows that replacing planned gas expansion with solar and storage would save ASEAN USD 4 billion by 2030, whereas replacing it with coal would increase costs. Despite this, ASEAN coal demand is projected to rise by 25% by 2030, driven largely by Indonesia and Vietnam, though Indonesia has committed to phasing out fossil fuels within 10 to 15 years.

The report details how the Nsuta manganese mine in Ghana, operated by the Ghana Manganese Company (GMC) and controlled by China's Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese Industry Group (TMI), is causing severe health and environmental damage. Findings include the use of toxic mine pit water for dust suppression, leading to skin, eye, and respiratory issues among residents, and the existence of an unstable tailings dump that threatens local homes. The report also highlights the risk to the Neung Forest Reserve, a critical biodiversity hotspot, as mining operations expand to meet the rising demand for manganese in EV batteries for companies like Tesla, Ford, and General Motors.

The document details Indonesia's strategic position in the global minerals market, particularly nickel, driven by aggressive downstream processing policies and export bans. It highlights the economic significance of mining (11% of GDP) and the associated environmental costs, including rising energy-sector emissions and deforestation. Socially, it notes significant gender disparities in the mining workforce and the prevalence of artisanal mining risks.

The Union of Concerned Scientists finds that under current policies, Louisiana will meet increased electricity demand from data centers using gas-fired generation, leading to significant costs for ratepayers and environmental damage. Between 2026 and 2041, cumulative electricity system costs attributed to data center growth are projected to be between $14 billion and $26 billion. The analysis further estimates that electricity generation for data centers will result in $1.5 billion to $3.0 billion in public health costs and $35 billion to $87 billion in climate damages by 2041. The report urges the Louisiana Public Service Commission to reform resource planning, ensure technology companies pay for the costs of new demand, and diversify the energy mix with non-fossil resources.

The author contends that the Trump administration's approval of BP's Kaskida project, an ultra-deepwater drilling venture in the Gulf, risks a disaster similar to Deepwater Horizon and exacerbates toxic air pollution in refinery hubs like Port Arthur, Texas. The text highlights that Kaskida could access 10 billion barrels of oil but carries a six-fold increase in incident risk compared to other deepwater projects, with a potential worst-case spill of 4.5 million barrels. The author criticizes the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management for a limited 10-day public comment period and argues against new drilling given that the U.S. is already producing record levels of oil.

The report argues that the AI industry uses a 'bait-and-switch' greenwashing tactic, where the proven climate benefits of 'traditional' AI (such as predictive models) are used to justify the massive energy and water consumption of 'consumer generative AI' (such as ChatGPT). An analysis of 154 climate benefit claims found that 97% related to traditional AI, while only 3% related to consumer generative AI, with no evidence found that the latter leads to substantial emissions reductions. Furthermore, the report finds that evidence for these benefits is generally weak, with 36% of claims citing no evidence and only 26% citing published academic research. This narrative masks the immediate climate impacts of data centre expansion, which the report states is boosting demand for fossil fuels and risking the ability of regions like Ireland and Australia to meet carbon targets.