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The report finds that while most legal ivory stores complied with the phased shutdown of the domestic market, illegal trade persists through physical outlets, websites, and social media. Physical illegal markets have seen a decline in the average number of items per outlet since 2007, but trade has shifted toward second-tier cities and encrypted social media platforms. Prices in illegal markets remain significantly lower than in legal markets, and there is a noted lack of clear government policy regarding the management of unsold ivory stockpiles following the ban.

The WWF Asia High Mountains (AHM) Project has implemented population surveys, GPS collaring, and community-led conservation initiatives to protect snow leopards and their habitats. Key achievements include the first population surveys in Bhutan's Wangchuck Centennial National Park and North Sikkim, India, and the collaring of four snow leopards in Nepal to track transboundary movements. The project also addressed threats through a national jaw-trap removal campaign in Mongolia and the installation of predator-proof corrals in Pakistan. Globally, the project supported the Global Snow Leopard and Ecosystem Protection Program (GSLEP) and a TRAFFIC report which found that over 150 snow leopards are poached weekly, with 55% of poaching occurring in five of the twelve range countries.

The AHM project implemented climate-smart strategies in Asia's high mountains to protect snow leopard habitats and improve community resilience. Key actions included conducting climate vulnerability assessments, developing watershed management plans, and diversifying local livelihoods through ecotourism and alternative income sources to reduce pressure on fragile ecosystems.

The document argues that the environmental impact of food production is far broader than tropical deforestation, affecting a wide array of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. It introduces the concept of "arcs" of habitat loss to categorize these impacts. Key areas of concern include the degradation of soils, the unsustainable depletion of groundwater aquifers, the pollution and loss of freshwater ecosystems, the conversion of carbon-rich grasslands, the disappearance of endangered tropical dry forests, and the physical destruction of the ocean floor through bottom trawling. The authors emphasize that sustainable food production requires optimizing performance across these diverse ecological systems rather than focusing solely on productivity.

The 2016 assessment reveals a significant decline in elephant ivory availability in historical physical markets like New York City, San Francisco, and Los Angeles, potentially due to state-level bans. However, the market appears to be pivoting toward online platforms and states without strict regulations, such as Washington, DC and Oregon. The report documents 1,589 items in physical retail and 2,056 items across six online platforms, noting widespread confusion among vendors regarding legal exemptions and a trend of mislabeling ivory as 'bone' or 'mammoth' to evade detection.

The report examines the proposed Stiegler's Gorge hydropower dam in Tanzania, highlighting significant risks to the Selous Game Reserve (a World Heritage Site) and the Rufiji-Mafia-Kilwa Marine Ramsar Site. It argues that the project would cause irreversible damage to the region's Outstanding Universal Value, disrupt downstream ecosystems, and threaten the livelihoods of approximately 200,000 people. The document also questions the project's financial feasibility and reliability given climate change and suggests alternative energy sources such as natural gas, solar, wind, and geothermal power.

The Bhutan for Life (BFL) project is a 14-year initiative designed to provide a financial bridge for the sustainable management of Bhutan's protected areas (PAs) and biological corridors (BCs), covering approximately 51% of the country's territory. The project is categorized as 'Category B' by WWF, meaning potential adverse impacts are site-specific and reversible. The ESMF provides a structured process for screening, impact assessment, and the development of activity-specific Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMPs). Key project components include forestry and land use climate mitigation, community-based adaptation, climate-smart conservation, and institutional capacity building. The framework emphasizes Free and Prior Informed Consent (FPIC) for affected communities and establishes a multi-tiered Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) ranging from local negotiation to the Ministry of Agriculture and Forests (MoAF).

The CFI Indonesia Child Project aims to institutionalize EAFM in eastern Indonesia's most biodiverse waters. It focuses on four components: establishing enabling policy and legal frameworks, deploying tools like Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and Fisheries Improvement Projects (FIPs), creating sustainable financing via the Blue Abadi Trust Fund, and implementing a robust monitoring and knowledge-sharing system. The project targets the recovery of small pelagic fish, reef fish, mud crabs, and endangered species like leatherback turtles and whale sharks, while integrating gender mainstreaming and indigenous rights.

The report highlights that illegal harvesting of CITES-listed species occurs in over 25% of all natural and mixed World Heritage sites, threatening biodiversity and the 'outstanding universal value' of these areas. It identifies a gap in the current approach: the World Heritage Convention is site-focused, while CITES operates at the national level. To address this, the report proposes a coordinated value-chain response involving source, transit, and consumer countries, alongside the integration of monitoring and reporting systems. Case studies from Indonesia, Madagascar, the DRC, and Thailand illustrate the devastating impact of poaching and illegal logging, as well as the potential for success through community engagement and inter-agency cooperation.

The Integrated Ridge to Reef Management of the Mesoamerican Reef Ecoregion (MAR2R) project aims to conserve shared freshwater, coastal, and marine resources in Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico. It addresses threats such as unsustainable agriculture, mass tourism, and overfishing by strengthening the leadership of the Central American Commission on Environment and Development (CCAD). The project implements Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and Integrated Coastal Marine Management (ICMM) through demonstration projects, voluntary certification standards (RSPO, Bonsucro, MSC, ASC), and the establishment of water funds and reserves. A total project cost of $61,107,908 is allocated, with $9,018,349 from the GEF and $51,277,908 in co-financing.

The report assesses current and future climate risks in Myanmar, projecting significant temperature increases, variable rainfall changes, and rising sea levels by mid-century. It highlights vulnerabilities across biodiversity, health, agriculture, and infrastructure, while demonstrating how the Myanmar Climate Change Alliance (MCCA) uses vulnerability assessments in the Ayeyarwady Delta and Central Dry Zone to guide local adaptation planning.

The report finds that Myanmar is experiencing significant warming, with inland areas warming faster than coastal ones. Projections for the mid-21st century indicate temperature increases of 1.3°C to 2.7°C and sea level rise of 20 to 41 centimeters. While wet season precipitation is expected to increase, potentially exacerbating flooding, changes in the hot and cool seasons remain uncertain. The report emphasizes the high vulnerability of the Ayeyarwaddy Delta and Central Dry Zone, advocating for ecosystem-based adaptation and the integration of climate risk data into infrastructure and agricultural planning.

The document outlines a step-by-step process for schools to perform food waste audits, including planning, data collection through student interviews and weighing, and a list of evidence-based prevention strategies to reduce waste and improve student nutrition.

The giant panda is vulnerable to climate change due to its specialized diet, low reproductive rate, and fragmented habitat. Key risks include the potential inability of bamboo to migrate at the same rate as pandas and increased human encroachment as higher elevations become agriculturally viable. Recommended strategies focus on habitat restoration with climate-adapted bamboo, increasing protected area connectivity, and supporting local human adaptation to reduce habitat pressure.

The paper introduces the Jurisdictional Risk Assessment (JRA), a tool developed by WWF-US and Global Forest Watch to quantify deforestation risks in Indonesia. By analyzing four 'Key Forest Areas'—Primary Forests, Protected Areas, Peatland, and Forest Estate—the JRA uses indicators such as forest loss percentages, fire density, and overlap with government palm oil concessions to score district-level risk. Findings indicate that while most districts lost up to 10% of primary forest between 2009 and 2012, a small number experienced losses up to 50%. The authors caution that the JRA is a partial assessment based on remote sensing and should complement, not replace, field validation and social data.

Guatemala faces severe ecological and societal challenges, including multiyear droughts and a lack of centralized water governance, which exacerbate poverty and food insecurity. These conditions, combined with rampant corruption and violence, drive migration toward the U.S. border. The document argues that the U.S. should leverage strategic frameworks like CARSI and the Alliance for Prosperity to support Guatemala's institutional reform and the development of a comprehensive legal framework for water governance to mitigate these security risks.

The report analyzes six snow leopard landscapes in high Asia, finding that while habitat is often well-protected (averaging 50%), critical gaps in connectivity exist. It highlights that climate change will cause warming of 1.7°C to 3.6°C by mid-century, potentially shifting 60-80% of Eastern Himalayan habitats from alpine grasslands to forest ecosystems. The study also identifies the Central Tien Shan as a key 'water tower' providing essential spring runoff to downstream communities, while noting that all landscapes face risks from permafrost melt and shortened winters.

The region at the base of the Himalayas is experiencing extreme climate volatility, with record-setting floods and severe droughts disrupting both water and energy security. India's power grid relies heavily on water-intensive coal and hydropower, leading to chronic electricity shortages when water is scarce and infrastructure damage during floods. These challenges have triggered rural-to-urban migration, civil unrest, and farmer suicides. To mitigate these risks, the document recommends that India shift toward wind and solar energy and suggests the U.S. provide financial and technical support through initiatives like the U.S.-India Clean Energy Finance Scheme.

Nigeria faces severe economic water scarcity and climate-driven ecological challenges, including desertification in the north and oil pollution in the Niger Delta. These stressors, compounded by weak governance, have fueled violent conflicts: Boko Haram leverages frustration over water deprivation, ethnic tensions rise in the Middle Belt due to shifting rainfall patterns affecting herders and farmers, and militants in the Niger Delta attack oil infrastructure over land and water rights. The document argues that Nigeria's instability poses risks to U.S. security interests regarding global oil prices, regional extremism, and migration, recommending U.S. support for drought-tolerant seeds, remote sensing for crisis prediction, and improved local water governance.

The SLMCRN project, implemented by WWF GEF Agency and executed by WWF Nepal with five Government of Nepal ministries, aimed to reduce degradation in 2,500 ha of agro-pastoral lands and 5,000 ha of forests. The terminal evaluation rated the project as 'Overall Satisfactory', noting strong output delivery but weaker outcome integration. Key successes included the establishment of 'open grazing free zones', the introduction of income-generating activities like Sal leaf plate making and milk chilling centers, and the use of bio-engineering for riverbank protection. However, the evaluation identified significant gaps in district-level coordination, a 'top-heavy' governance structure, and the failure of certain technologies like Sloping Agriculture Land Technology (SALT) due to insecure land tenure. The report recommends transitioning to longer project cycles (at least 5 years), integrating climate resilience into all activities, and reforming the National Land Use Policy 2012 to ensure nationwide implementability.